PronType: pronominal type
| Values: | Art | Dem | Emp | Ind | Int | Neg | Prs | Rel | Tot |
This feature applies to Modern Greek pronouns, determiners and adverbs.
- possessive pronouns: weak types, e.g., μου in το σπίτι μου / to spiti mou “my house”
- reflexive pronouns: εαυτός / eaftos “self”
- relative pronouns
PronType=Rel: οποίος / opios “who”
Art: article
Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness. Modern Greek has a definite and an indefinite article.
Examples
- definite article (the various cases in the two numbers and the three genders): ο, του, τον, η, της, την, το, οι, των, τους, τα
- indefinitie article (the various cases in the three genders, singular only): ένας, ενός, ένα, μία, μίας
Dem: demonstrative pronoun, determiner or adverb
They are understood as determiners when they are followed by a noun.
Examples
Pronouns, Determiners
- αυτός “this”
- εκείνος “that”
- (ε)τούτος “this/that”
- τέτοιος “such”
- τόσος “this/that many/much, so/as”
- ίδιος “the same”
Demonstrative adverbs
- εδώ “here”
- εκεί “there”
- τώρα “now”
- τότε “then”
Emp: emphatic determiner
Emphatic determiners emphasize the nominal they depend on. There are similarities with reflexive and demonstrative pronouns / determiners.
Examples
- ίδιος “himself” e.g., ήρθε ο ίδιος και μου είπε “he himself came and told me…”
Ind: indefinite pronoun, determiner or adverb
They are understood as determiners when they are followed by a noun.
Examples
Pronouns, Determiners
- άλλος “other”
- κάποιος “somebody”
- κάτι “some”
Indefinite adverbs
- κάπου “somewhere”
- κάποτε “sometime”
- οπουδήποτε “anywhere”
- οποτεδήποτε “anytime”
Int: interrogative pronoun, determiner or adverb
They introduce direct or indirect questions.
Examples:
Pronouns, Determiners
- ποιος “who”
- πόσος “how many/much”
- τι “what”
Interogative adverbs
- πού “where”
- πότε “when”
- πώς “how”
- γιατί “why”
Neg: negative pronoun, determiner or adverb
Negative pronominal words are distinguished from negating particles
and from words that inflect for polarity (verbs, adjectives etc.) Those words
do not use PronType=Neg, instead they use Polarity=Neg. See the
Polarity feature for further details.
Examples:
Pronouns, Determiners
- κανείς, κανένας, καμιά “nobody”
- τίποτα, κανένα “nothing”
- κανενός, καμιανής “no one’s (negative possessive)
Negative adverbs
- πουθενά / pouthena ‘nowhere’, ποτέ / pote ‘never’
Prs: personal pronoun or determiner
Μodern Greek has two types of personal pronouns: strong and weak (clitics), e.g., the weak types του το in του το έδωσα “I gave it to him”
Examples
- the weak types: μου, σου, με, σε, του, της, τον, την, το, μας, σας, τους, τις, τα
- the strong types: εγώ, εσύ, εμένα, εσένα, εμείς, εσείς, εμάς, εσάς
Rel: relative pronoun, determiner or adverb
Pronouns never occur with the noun for which they stand and they cannot be replaced with a synonymous nominal phrase; these facts offer a criterion for setting determiners apart from pronouns. As in many languages, in Modern Greek relative pronouns heavily overlap with interrogatives.
Examples:
Pronouns, Determiners
- ο οποίος, η οποία, το οποίο “who, that”
- που is assigned the tag PRON if it refers to a noun, e.g. Έχουμε πολλές πληροφορίες, που.PRON δεν οδηγούν όμως πουθενά “we have much information that, however, leads to nowhere”.
Relative adverbs
- όπως “as, in the way that”
Tot: total (collective) pronoun, determiner or adverb
Examples
Pronouns, Determiners
- καθείς, καθένας, καθεμία, καθένα “every, everybody, everyone, each”
- όλοι, όλες, όλα “all”
Collective adverbs
- παντού “everywhere”
- πάντοτε “always”
PronType in other languages: [arr] [bej] [bg] [bm] [bor] [cs] [el] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [gun] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [myu] [pcm] [qpm] [sga] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [zh]