PronType: pronominal type
| Values: | Prs | Art | Int | Rel | Dem | Tot | Neg | Ind | Exc | Ord |
This feature typically applies to pronouns, determiners, pronominal numerals (quantifiers) and pronominal adverbs.
Prs: personal or possessive personal pronoun or determiner
See also the Poss feature that distinguishes normal personal
pronouns from possessives and the Clitic feature that tells
whether the pronoun is a clitic. Note that Prs also includes reflexive
personal/possessive pronouns (see the Reflex feature).
Examples
- Personal pronouns: Uno di loro “One among them”, Per lui è utile “For him it’s useful”
- Possessive pronouns (
Poss=Yes): La sua è migliore “Hers is better”, I suoi sono felici “Her/his [parents] are happy” - Possessive determiners/adjectives (
Poss=Yes): La sua scuola è migliore “Her/his school is better”, I loro amici “Their friends”. - Clitic pronouns (
Clitic=Yes): Si è trasformato “Has transformed itself” (reflexive), Ti ho dato “I have given you” (indirect object), Ora si cerca il colpevole “Now one/somebody searches for the culprit” (impersonal form), Lo vediamo spesso “We often see him/it”
Art: article
Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of definiteness.
Examples
- Definite articles (
Definite=Def): La luna “The moon”, I regali di Natale “Christmas presents” - Indefinite articles (
Definite=Ind): Un amico “A friend”, Una sorpresa “A surprise”
Int: interrogative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
Note that possessive interrogative determiners (whose) can be distinguished by the Poss feature.
Examples:
- Interrogative pronouns: Chi è il presidente? “Who is the president?”
- Interrogative determiners: Che cosa faremo adesso? “What shall we do now?”, Quale libro hai letto? “Which book did you read?”
Note: for the time being we do not use the feature ProntType=Int interrogative pronouns such as dove “where” and quando “when” in sentences like Dov’ è Siena? “Where is Siena?”.
Rel: relative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
Examples:
- Relative pronouns: La strada che porta al mare “The road which leads to the sea”, Il libro che ho letto “The book that I read”.
- Relative determiners: Un autore sul cui futuro puoi scommettere “An author on whose future you can bet”.
Dem: demonstrative pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
These are often parallel to interrogatives.
Examples
- Demonstrative pronouns: Per questo sono ambiziosi “For this [reason] they are ambitious”.
- Demonstrative determiners: Parte di questo denaro “Part of this money”.
Note: Demonstrative adverbs such as qui “here” and là “there”, ora “now” e allora “then” are not marked with PronType=Dem.
Tot: total (collective) pronoun, determiner or adverb
PronType=Tot is used for universal quantifiers, mainly tutto (tutti, tutta, tutte) “all” and also entrambi and ambedue “both”. In practice it is a determiner (DET) that precedes the definite article or demonstrative, and it is attached as det:predet.
Examples
- Tutti i retroscena “All the backstories”, in tutti questi tentativi “in all these attempts”, Entrambe le categorie “Both categories”
# sent_id = isst_tanl-3590
# text = Ecco tutti i retroscena.
1 Ecco ecco ADV B _ 4 advmod 4:advmod _
2 tutti tutto DET T Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Tot 4 det:predet 4:det:predet _
3 i il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 4 det 4:det _
4 retroscena retroscena NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root 0:root SpaceAfter=No
5 . . PUNCT FS _ 4 punct 4:punct _
# sent_id = 5_WIKIBalzac-11
# text = fallì in tutti questi tentativi.
1 fallì fallire VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
2 in in ADP E _ 5 case 5:case _
3 tutti tutto DET T Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Tot 5 det:predet 5:det:predet _
4 questi questo DET DD Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 5 det 5:det _
5 tentativi tentativo NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obl 1:obl:in SpaceAfter=No
6 . . PUNCT FS _ 1 punct 1:punct _
# sent_id = tut-11
# text = Entrambe le categorie di limiti presentano dei requisiti comuni:
1 Entrambe entrambi DET T Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Tot 3 det:predet 3:det:predet _
2 le il DET RD Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 3 det 3:det _
3 categorie categoria NOUN S Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 nsubj 6:nsubj _
4 di di ADP E _ 5 case 5:case _
5 limiti limite NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nmod 3:nmod:di _
6 presentano presentare VERB V Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root 0:root _
7 dei dei DET RI Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art 8 det 8:det _
8 requisiti requisito NOUN S Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obj 6:obj _
9 comuni comune ADJ A Number=Plur 8 amod 8:amod SpaceAfter=No
10 : : PUNCT FC _ 6 punct 6:punct _
Neg: negative pronoun, determiner or adverb
Examples:
We distinguish only negative adverbs such as: non, nemmeno, neppure.
Ind: indefinite pronoun, determiner, numeral or adverb
Examples
- Indefinite pronouns: uno “one”, tutti “everybody”, ognuno “each one”, chiunque “anybody”, qualcosa “something”, qualcuno “somebody”
- indefinite determiners: tutti “all”, qualche “some”, ogni “each”, alcuni “some”, diversi “several”
Exc: exclamative determiners.
Examples
- che disastro “what a disaster”, che catastrofe “what a catastrophe”
Ord: ordinal pronouns. This value is language specific.
It is used to mark ordinal pronouns. Part of speech is PRON/NO. When ordinals are used as noun modifiers they are marked as [ADJ].
Examples
- Il primo sostiene che … “the first asserts that …
- Un quarto d’ora “a quarter of an hour”
- Valentina è quinta “Valentina is fifth”
PronType in other languages: [arr] [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [el] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [gun] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [myu] [naq] [nmf] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [ps] [qpm] [sga] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [uz] [xav] [xcl] [xmf] [zh]