PronType: pronominal type
| Values: | Art | Dem | Ind | Int | Prs | Rcp | Rel | Tot |
In Classical Armenian, PronType as a lexical feature, which is tagged on adverbs, determiners, interjections, and pronouns.
Art: article
Article is a special case of determiner that bears the feature of
definiteness. By contrast to Modern Eastern Armenian, the Def value is marked on the article.
Examples
- մի/mi “a/an”, =ն/=n (enclitic) “the”.
Dem: demonstratives
The feature characterizes demonstrative pronouns, determiners, adverbs, adpositions (grammaticalized from adverbs) and interjections. In Classical Armenian, demonstratives express a three-fold distinction of deixis.
Examples
- Pronoun: սա/sa “this one”, դա/da “that one (yours)”, նա/na “that one”
- Determiner: այս/ays “this”, այդ/ayd “that (yours)”, այն/ayn “that”
- Adverb/adposition: աստի/asti “from here”, այտի/ayti “from there”, անտի/anti “from there”
- Interjections: ահաւասիկ/ahawasik “behold”, ահաւադիկ/ahawadik “behold”, ահաւանիկ/ahawanik “behold”
Ind: indefinite pronoun or determiner
Indefinite pronouns and determiners are further subclassified to distinguish “some” vs. “any” etc. by means of the Definite feature.
Examples:
- ինչ/inčʻ “any, anything”
Int: interrogative pronoun, determiner or adverb
Refer to a nominal, adjectival or adverbial modifier in an interrogative clause.
Examples:
- Pronoun/determiner: ի՞նչ/i?nčʻ “which, which one?”
- Adverb: ե՞րբ/e?rb “when”
Prs: personal, possessive or reflexive personal pronoun or determiner
Personal pronouns can be further subdivided into personal proper, possessive and reflexive pronouns using the features Poss and Reflex.
Examples
- Personal: ես/es “I”
- Possessive: իմ/im “my”
- Reflexive: իւր/iwr “oneself”
Rcp: reciprocal pronoun
Examples
- միմեանք/mimeankʻ “each other”
Rel: relative pronoun, determiner or adverb
Pronouns, determiners and adverbs that mark the beginning of a relative clause.
Examples:
- Pronoun/determiner: որ/or “who; which”
- Adverb: որպէս/orpēs “how”
Tot: total (collective) pronoun or determiner
Express every representative or all representatives of a class of entities.
Examples
- ամենայն/amenayn “all”
References
Առաքելեան, Վարագ. 2010. Գրաբարի քերականութիւն. Երևան: Վիամիր․ [Araqelian, Varag. 2010. Grammar of Grabar. Yerevan: Viamir]
Jensen, Hans. 1959. Altarmenische Grammatik. Heidelberg: Winter.
Meillet, Antoine. 1913. Altarmenisches Elementarbuch. Heidelberg: Winters (Internet Archive)
Meillet, Antoine. 1962. Études de linguistique et de philologie arméniennes. I: Recherches sur la syntaxe comparée de l’arménien. Suivies de la composition en arménien. Lisbonne: Imprensa Nacional de Lisboa.
PronType in other languages: [arr] [bej] [bg] [bm] [bor] [cs] [el] [en] [es] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [gn] [gub] [gun] [hu] [hy] [it] [ka] [kpv] [ky] [la] [myu] [pcm] [qpm] [sga] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [uz] [xav] [xcl] [zh]