PRON

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`PRON`: pronoun

Definition

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

Pronouns under this definition function like nouns.

The BulTreeBank annotation scheme adopted the idea that pro-nouns, pro-adjectives and pro-adverbs are labeled as Pronouns. However, for the mapping to the universal tagset, this group was split into several parts-of-speech: determiners, adverbs, pronouns.

The tags that correspond to Pron are: Pp#, Pde#, Pre#, Pce#, Pie#, Pfe#, Pfy#, Pne#, Piy#.

Examples

personal pronouns (Pp#): аз, ти, той, тя, то, ние, те, него, го / az, ti, toy, tya, to, nie, te, nego, go “I, you, he, she, it, we, they, him.LONG.FORM, him.SHORT.FORM”
reflexive personal pronouns (Ppx#): себе си, се / sebe si, se “myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, theirselves”
demonstrative pronouns (Pde#): този, това / tozi, tova “this” as in Видях това вчера. / Vidyah tova vchera “I saw this yesterday.”
interrogative pronouns (Pie#, Piy#): кой, какво, колцина / _koy, kakvo, koltsina “who, what, how many” as in Какво мислиш? / _Kakvo mislish? “What do you think?”
relative pronouns (Pre#): който, каквото / _koyto, kakvoto “who, what” as in Човекът, който дойде, е баща ми. /Chovekat, koyto doyde, e bashta mi “The person who came is my father.”
indefinite pronouns (Pfe#, Pfy#): някой, нещо, неколцина / nyakoy, neshto, nekoltsina “somebody, something, some, anybody, anything, any”
collective pronouns (Pce#): всеки, всичко / vseki, vsichko “everybody, everything”
negative pronouns (Pne#): никой, нищо / nikoy, nishto “nobody, nothing”

Note that the symbol `#’, used in the Universal POS section indicates a holder for arbitrary number of features, suppressed in the respective tag as irrelevant in the BulTreeBank tagset, when mapped to the Universal one.

Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)

There are 24 PRON lemmas (0%), 71 PRON types (0%) and 10094 PRON tokens (6%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 10 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: аз, се, който, свой, този, мой, наш, неин, техен, всеки

The 10 most frequent PRON types: се, си, това, той, му, които, го, ни, те, който

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: който (PRON 1016, DET 7), свой (PRON 623, DET 123), този (DET 793, PRON 540), мой (PRON 378, DET 162), наш (DET 184, PRON 164), всеки (DET 292, PRON 112), кой (PRON 96, DET 20, PROPN 1), никой (PRON 96, DET 20), някой (PRON 92, DET 90), си (PRON 55, PART 42, PROPN 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: си (PRON 934, PART 42, AUX 35, VERB 34), това (PRON 288, DET 131), му (PRON 486, PART 1), ни (PRON 282, CONJ 12), който (PRON 233, DET 3), ми (PRON 173, PART 2), ти (PRON 118, PART 2), я (PRON 131, PART 1, INTJ 1), то (PRON 46, PART 8, CONJ 1), всичко (PRON 47, DET 7)

си
- PRON 934: Двете сестри започнаха да си шепнат още по-ниско .
- PART 42: Съвсем загуби власт над себе си .
- AUX 35: Никога няма да съжаляваш за образованието , което си получила .
- VERB 34: - Ти си весела изглежда .
това
- PRON 288: Чух го да казва това .
- DET 131: Следствието от това , че е заминал , е очевидно .
му
- PRON 486: На заека му омръзна да студува .
- PART 1: Сега да му мисли министър-председателят
ни
- PRON 282: Нас важни работи ни задържат тука .
- CONJ 12: За уважение са такива мъже , не ги уплаши ни затвор , ни бой .
който
- PRON 233: Гледах филм , смисъла на който не разбрах .
- DET 3: Той влезе във вагона до бюфета , който вагон се оказа празен .
ми
- PRON 173: Искаше ми се да му бях веднага казал .
- PART 2: Подпретнал се оня ми ти Бай Ганьо , крачи ли крачи , станал вир вода .
ти
- PRON 118: Но ти , малкият , не мисли , че се е свършило .
- PART 2: Подпретнал се оня ми ти Бай Ганьо , крачи ли крачи , станал вир вода .
я
- PRON 131: Ти забрави да я търсиш .
- PART 1: Хайде , я разправи днес какво ви предава учителят .
- INTJ 1: Още от първия ред преглътна , я виж …
то
- PRON 46: Ние ще работим то да продължава да е налице до края на мандата .
- PART 8: И то в посока , която да облекчи хода на военната реформа и да укрепи армията .
- CONJ 1: Ако се докажат запасите , то ще може да задоволява нуждите на България от газ в продължение на две години .
всичко
- PRON 47: Глупецът е дързък , над всичко се смее , но само да мисли не смее .
- DET 7: Това е всичко , с което разполагам .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 2.958333 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.728233).

The 1st highest number of forms (30) was observed with the lemma “аз”: аз, вас, ви, вие, ги, го, им, й, ме, мен, мене, ми, му, нас, него, нему, нея, ни, ние, ний, те, теб, тебе, ти, то, той, тя, тям, тях, я.

The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “който”: дето, когото, което, които, който, която, що.

The 3rd highest number of forms (5) was observed with the lemma “кой”: кого, кое, кои, кой, коя.

PRON occurs with 9 features: bg-feat/PronType (10008; 99% instances), bg-feat/Case (9119; 90% instances), bg-feat/Number (5324; 53% instances), bg-feat/Person (4196; 42% instances), bg-feat/Reflex (3857; 38% instances), bg-feat/Gender (3210; 32% instances), bg-feat/Poss (1489; 15% instances), bg-feat/Definite (115; 1% instances), bg-feat/Animacy (46; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 23 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Nom, Definite=Def, Definite=Ind, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Poss=Yes, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, PronType=Tot, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 71 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes (2933 tokens). Examples: се, себе, с…

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 19 different relations: bg-dep/expl (3502; 35% instances), bg-dep/nsubj (2470; 24% instances), bg-dep/det (1449; 14% instances), bg-dep/dobj (1081; 11% instances), bg-dep/iobj (692; 7% instances), bg-dep/nmod (627; 6% instances), bg-dep/nsubjpass (152; 2% instances), bg-dep/root (65; 1% instances), bg-dep/conj (12; 0% instances), bg-dep/ccomp (11; 0% instances), bg-dep/discourse (9; 0% instances), bg-dep/advcl (6; 0% instances), bg-dep/case (6; 0% instances), bg-dep/mwe (4; 0% instances), bg-dep/acl (3; 0% instances), bg-dep/xcomp (2; 0% instances), bg-dep/advmod (1; 0% instances), bg-dep/csubj (1; 0% instances), bg-dep/csubjpass (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (7735; 77% instances), NOUN (1510; 15% instances), ADJ (635; 6% instances), ADV (72; 1% instances), ROOT (65; 1% instances), PRON (27; 0% instances), DET (17; 0% instances), NUM (15; 0% instances), PROPN (8; 0% instances), PART (6; 0% instances), INTJ (2; 0% instances), ADP (1; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)

9004 (89%) PRON nodes are leaves.

933 (9%) PRON nodes have one child.

68 (1%) PRON nodes have two children.

89 (1%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 11.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 22 different relations: bg-dep/case (948; 66% instances), bg-dep/punct (110; 8% instances), bg-dep/cop (68; 5% instances), bg-dep/nsubj (59; 4% instances), bg-dep/cc (54; 4% instances), bg-dep/mwe (45; 3% instances), bg-dep/advmod (43; 3% instances), bg-dep/conj (27; 2% instances), bg-dep/nmod (23; 2% instances), bg-dep/aux (9; 1% instances), bg-dep/neg (9; 1% instances), bg-dep/amod (8; 1% instances), bg-dep/acl (7; 0% instances), bg-dep/advcl (5; 0% instances), bg-dep/mark (5; 0% instances), bg-dep/appos (4; 0% instances), bg-dep/csubj (3; 0% instances), bg-dep/nummod (3; 0% instances), bg-dep/det (2; 0% instances), bg-dep/discourse (2; 0% instances), bg-dep/expl (1; 0% instances), bg-dep/iobj (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 15 different parts of speech: ADP (948; 66% instances), PUNCT (110; 8% instances), VERB (85; 6% instances), NOUN (74; 5% instances), CONJ (55; 4% instances), PART (53; 4% instances), ADV (44; 3% instances), PRON (27; 2% instances), ADJ (11; 1% instances), INTJ (9; 1% instances), PROPN (6; 0% instances), DET (5; 0% instances), SCONJ (5; 0% instances), NUM (3; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances)