This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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iobj: indirect object

This document is a placeholder for the language-specific documentation for iobj.

The indirect object of a verb is any nominal phrase that is a core argument of the verb but is not its subject or direct object. A prototypical example is the recipient of ditransitive verbs of speaking:

Говореше на всички като началник . \n Spoke-he to everybody like a-boss .
iobj(Говореше, всички)
iobj(Spoke-he, everybody)

The other examples include all arguments of a head that are not direct objects or subjects, and are PPs introduced by various prepositions. These cases are handled in the valency dictionary:

Ще те питам за нещо . \n Will you ask-I for something .
iobj(питам, нещо)
iobj(ask-I, something)

Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)

This relation is universal.

3527 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as iobj.

2885 instances of iobj (82%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 2.61355259427275.

The following 15 pairs of parts of speech are connected with iobj: bg-pos/VERB-bg-pos/NOUN (2455; 70% instances), bg-pos/VERB-bg-pos/PRON (663; 19% instances), bg-pos/VERB-bg-pos/PROPN (250; 7% instances), bg-pos/VERB-bg-pos/ADJ (55; 2% instances), bg-pos/VERB-bg-pos/DET (37; 1% instances), bg-pos/VERB-bg-pos/NUM (21; 1% instances), bg-pos/NOUN-bg-pos/PRON (13; 0% instances), bg-pos/ADJ-bg-pos/PRON (10; 0% instances), bg-pos/VERB-bg-pos/ADP (9; 0% instances), bg-pos/VERB-bg-pos/ADV (5; 0% instances), bg-pos/ADV-bg-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), bg-pos/ADJ-bg-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), bg-pos/DET-bg-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), bg-pos/PRON-bg-pos/PRON (1; 0% instances), bg-pos/VERB-bg-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).

# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 4 2 iobj	color:blue
1	На	на	ADP	R	_	2	case	_	_
2	заека	заек	NOUN	Ncmsh	Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing	4	iobj	_	_
3	му	аз	PRON	Ppetds3m	Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	expl	_	_
4	омръзна	омръзне-ми	VERB	Vnpif-o3s	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
5	да	да	PART	Tx	_	6	aux	_	_
6	студува	студувам	VERB	Vpiif-r3s	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	4	csubj	_	_
7	.	.	PUNCT	punct	_	4	punct	_	_

# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 7 iobj	color:blue
1	Не	не	INTJ	Tn	_	2	neg	_	_
2	помня	помня	VERB	Vpitf-r1s	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
3	да	да	PART	Tx	_	5	aux	_	_
4	съм	съм	AUX	Vxitf-r1s	Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	5	aux	_	_
5	ходил	ходя-(си)	VERB	Vpitcao-smi	Aspect=Imp|Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act	2	ccomp	_	_
6	у	у	ADP	R	_	7	case	_	_
7	тях	аз	PRON	Ppelap3	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
8	.	.	PUNCT	punct	_	2	punct	_	_

# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 5 iobj	color:blue
1	След	след	ADP	R	_	2	case	_	_
2	седмица	седмица	NOUN	Ncfsi	Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
3	отиде	отида-(си)	VERB	Vppif-o3s	Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	у	у	ADP	R	_	5	case	_	_
5	Ганини	ганини	PROPN	H-pi	Definite=Ind|Number=Plur	3	iobj	_	_
6	.	.	PUNCT	punct	_	3	punct	_	_


iobj in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]