Person: person
Person
Person is typically feature of personal and possessive pronouns, and of verbs. On verbs it is in fact an agreement feature that marks the person of the verb’s subject. Person marked on verbs makes it unnecessary to always add a personal pronoun as subject and thus subjects are sometimes dropped (pro-drop languages).
Bulgarian is a pro-drop language, as other Slavic languages.
1: first person
In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker / author. In plural, it must include the speaker and one or more additional persons.
Examples
- аз / az “I”
- идвам / idvam “I am coming”
2: second person
In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance / text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.
Examples
- ти / ti “you”
- идваш / idvash “You are coming”
3: third person
The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.
Examples
- той, тя, то / toy, tya, to “he, she, it”
- идва / idva “He/she/it is coming”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.
23074 tokens (15%) have a non-empty value of Person.
5393 types (20%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
2530 lemmas (17%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: bg-pos/VERB (16611; 11% instances), bg-pos/PRON (4196; 3% instances), bg-pos/AUX (1889; 1% instances), bg-pos/DET (378; 0% instances).
VERB
16611 bg-pos/VERB tokens (85% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Definite=EMPTY (16611; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (16611; 100%), Mood=Ind (16331; 98%), Voice=Act (16331; 98%), Number=Sing (11751; 71%), Tense=Pres (11733; 71%), Aspect=Imp (10430; 63%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(1937; 12% of non-emptyPerson): съм, сме, искам, мога, можем, имаме, кажа, говоря, искаме, мисля2(945; 6% of non-emptyPerson): си, сте, можеш, имате, дойдеш, мислиш, имаш, искаш, знаеш, смятате3(13729; 83% of non-emptyPerson): е, са, има, няма, може, трябва, беше, каза, могат, съобщиEMPTY(2941): била, бил, имало, били, било, направил, дал, е, трябвало, заминал
| Paradigm съм | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Tense=Past | би | ||
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | съм | си | е |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Voice=Act | бях | беше, бе | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | сме | сте | са |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Voice=Act | бяхте | бяха |
PRON
4196 bg-pos/PRON tokens (42% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: Reflex=EMPTY (4196; 100%), PronType=Prs (4196; 100%), Poss=EMPTY (3376; 80%), Number=Sing (2447; 58%), Gender=EMPTY (2431; 58%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(969; 23% of non-emptyPerson): ни, ми, аз, нас, ние, ме, мен, мене, ний2(391; 9% of non-emptyPerson): ти, ви, те, вие, вас, тебе, теб3(2836; 68% of non-emptyPerson): той, му, го, тя, те, й, им, него, я, гиEMPTY(5898): се, си, това, които, който, която, което, всичко, кой, никой
| Paradigm аз | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | го, него | ||
| Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | я, нея | ||
| Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | го, него | ||
| Case=Acc|Number=Sing | ме, мен, мене | те, тебе, ви, вас, теб | |
| Case=Acc|Number=Plur | нас, ни | вас, ви | ги, тях |
| Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | му, нему | ||
| Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | й | ||
| Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | му | ||
| Case=Dat|Number=Sing | ми, мен, мене | ти, ви | |
| Case=Dat|Number=Plur | ни | ви | им, тям |
| Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | той | ||
| Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | тя | ||
| Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | то | ||
| Case=Nom|Number=Sing | аз | ти, вие | |
| Case=Nom|Number=Plur | ние, ний | вие | те |
| Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | й | ||
| Number=Sing | ми | ти, ви | |
| Number=Plur | ни | ви | им |
AUX
1889 bg-pos/AUX tokens (93% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: VerbForm=Fin (1889; 100%), Voice=Act (1787; 95%), Mood=Ind (1787; 95%), Aspect=Imp (1641; 87%), Tense=Pres (1384; 73%), Number=Sing (1285; 68%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(165; 9% of non-emptyPerson): съм, сме, бих, бях, бихме, бъдем, бяхме, бъда2(57; 3% of non-emptyPerson): си, сте, бихте, беше, Би, бъдете, бъдеш3(1667; 88% of non-emptyPerson): е, са, бе, бъде, бяха, бъдат, беше, би, биха, биватEMPTY(142): бил, били, била, било, е, са, би, бъдат, съм, беше
| Paradigm съм | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing | бих | Би | би |
| Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur | бихме | бихте | биха |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | бях | беше | бе, беше |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | съм | си | е |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | бяхме | бяха | |
| Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | сме | сте | са |
DET
378 bg-pos/DET tokens (16% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (378; 100%), Poss=Yes (378; 100%), Definite=Def (276; 73%), Number=Sing (248; 66%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Person:
1(154; 41% of non-emptyPerson): нашите, нашата, наши, нашето, моя, моята, моето, нашият, нашия, наш2(38; 10% of non-emptyPerson): вашата, вашето, вашия, ваш, вашите, ваша, ваше, вашият, твоите, ваши3(186; 49% of non-emptyPerson): техните, неговата, негово, тяхното, неговия, нейните, неговите, неговото, негов, неговаEMPTY(2055): тази, този, тези, това, всички, един, какво, една, всеки, всяка
| Paradigm мой | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | Моят, моя | неговия, нейният, неговият, нейния | |
| Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | моята | неговата, нейната | |
| Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | моето | неговото, нейното | |
| Definite=Def|Number=Plur | моите | твоите | нейните, неговите |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | мой | негов, неин | |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | моя | негова, нейна | |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | мое | твое | негово |
| Definite=Ind|Number=Plur | мои | негови, нейни |
Relations with Agreement in Person
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person:
VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (1333; 59%),
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1230; 80%),
VERB –[nsubj]–> PRON (977; 51%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (799; 65%),
VERB –[xcomp]–> VERB (381; 84%),
VERB –[csubj]–> VERB (131; 63%),
VERB –[dobj]–> VERB (114; 57%),
VERB –[nmod]–> VERB (52; 71%),
VERB –[mwe]–> VERB (28; 100%),
VERB –[csubjpass]–> VERB (27; 51%).
Person in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]