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This page pertains to UD version 2.

ccomp: clausal complement

The ccomp link is used for clausal dependents which are core arguments, when the subject is not controlled. When the subject is controlled, we use the xcomp link.

# visual-style 4 7 ccomp        color:blue
# visual-style 4        bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4        fgColor:white
# visual-style 7        bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7        fgColor:white
1	ale	_	PRON	_	_	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ye	_	AUX	_	_	4	aux	_	_
3	a	_	PRON	_	_	4	obj	_	_
4	mèn	_	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	_
5	,	_	PUNCT	_	_	4	punct	_	_
6	kòròkè	_	NOUN	_	_	7	nsubj	_	_
7	kèra	_	VERB	_	_	4	ccomp	_	_
8	jòn	_	NOUN	_	_	7	obl	_	_
9	ye	_	ADP	_	_	8	case	_	_
10	.	_	PUNCT	_	_	4	punct	_	_

‘He heared that an older brother became a slave’.

This is also used with copula like verb kó while it introduces indirect speech. If kó introduces direct speech, we use parataxis:obj. In fact, borders between (in)direct speech in Mande languages are often vague. Still, we decided to annotate the difference when it is possible.

# visual-style 2 7 ccomp	color:blue
# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 7	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 7	fgColor:white
1	masakè	màsakɛ	NOUN	_	_	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ko	kó	VERB	_	_	0	root	_	_
3	ko	kó	PART	_	_	7	discourse	_	_
4	muso	mùso	NOUN	_	_	7	nsubj	_	_
5	bèè	bɛ́ɛ	DET	_	_	4	det	_	_
6	ka	ka	AUX	_	_	7	aux	_	_
7	na	nà	VERB	_	_	2	ccomp	_	_
8	yen	yèn	ADV	_	_	7	obl	_	_
9	!	!	PUNCT	_	_	7	punct	_	_

‘A king says that all women must come with their dust’.


ccomp in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [ml] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [uz] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]