ccomp: clausal complement
Some verbs (e.g. of feeling or mental perception, or communicating) take clausal complements, which generally go after the verb in unmarked position. Nominal objects, on the other hand, are generally pre-verbal.
ਉਹ ਜਾਣਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕੁੜੀ ਉੱਥੇ ਗਈ \n He knows is that girl there went
ccomp(ਜਾਣਦਾ, ਗਈ)
ccomp(knows, went)
nsubj(ਜਾਣਦਾ, ਉਹ)
nsubj(knows, He)
mark(ਗਈ, ਕਿ)
mark(went, that)
Clausal complements to the copula
When a clause is a predicative complement and the main verb is a copula, we analyse it like a non-copular verb.
ਮੇਰਾ ਖ਼ਿਆਲ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਾਵੇਗਾ \n my thought is that he will.go
nsubj(ਹੈ, ਖ਼ਿਆਲ)
nsubj(is, thought)
ccomp(ਹੈ, ਜਾਵੇਗਾ)
ccomp(is, will.go)
mark(ਜਾਵੇਗਾ, ਕਿ)
mark(will.go, that)
But sometime the clause may be subordinate to a pronoun like ਇਹ ih “this”, in which case we do treat it like a normal copula.
ਮੇਰਾ ਖ਼ਿਆਲ ਇਹ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਜਾਵੇਗਾ \n my thought this is that he will.go
nsubj(ਇਹ, ਖ਼ਿਆਲ)
nsubj(this, thought)
cop(ਇਹ, ਹੈ)
cop(this, is)
acl(ਇਹ, ਜਾਵੇਗਾ)
acl(this, will.go)
mark(ਜਾਵੇਗਾ, ਕਿ)
mark(will.go, that)
ccomp in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [ml] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [uz] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]