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ccomp: clausal complement

A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause which is a core argument. That is, it functions like an object of the verb, or adjective. With a speech verb like say, the content of reported speech is part of the verb’s valency. It therefore attaches as ccomp not only when integrated within the clause as an indirect quotation (said that…), but also when set off as a direct quotation.

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Եւ ասէ ց նոսա ՝ տեսէք զինչ լսէք դ ։ \n And he said unto them , Take heed what ye hear .
ccomp(ասէ, տեսէք)
ccomp(տեսէք, լսէք)
ccomp(said, Take)
ccomp(Take, hear)
{
    "text": "Եւ ասէ ց նոսա ՝ տեսէք զինչ լսէք դ ։ \n And he said unto them , Take heed what ye hear . ",
    "entities": [
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        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 14, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 16, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 22, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 27, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 32, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 34, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 38, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 42, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 45, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 50, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T16", "token", [ [ 55, 59 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T17", "token", [ [ 60, 61 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T18", "token", [ [ 62, 66 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T19", "token", [ [ 67, 71 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T20", "token", [ [ 72, 76 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T21", "token", [ [ 77, 79 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T22", "token", [ [ 80, 84 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T23", "token", [ [ 85, 86 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T14" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T18" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T18" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T22" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

If the speech verb interrupts the reported speech content, parataxis is used instead. The speech verb attaches to the root of the reported speech.

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Եւ ասէ ՝ պատանի դու ՝ քեզ ասեմ ՝ արի : \n And he said , Young man , I say unto thee , Arise .
ccomp(ասէ, արի)
parataxis(արի, ասեմ)
ccomp(said, Arise)
parataxis(Arise, say)
{
    "text": "Եւ ասէ ՝ պատանի դու ՝ քեզ ասեմ ՝ արի : \n And he said , Young man , I say unto thee , Arise . ",
    "entities": [
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        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 9, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 16, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 20, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 22, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 26, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 33, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 41, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 45, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 48, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T16", "token", [ [ 53, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T17", "token", [ [ 55, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T18", "token", [ [ 61, 64 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T19", "token", [ [ 65, 66 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T20", "token", [ [ 67, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T21", "token", [ [ 69, 72 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T22", "token", [ [ 73, 77 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T23", "token", [ [ 78, 82 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T24", "token", [ [ 83, 84 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T25", "token", [ [ 85, 90 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T26", "token", [ [ 91, 92 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "parataxis", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "ccomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T15" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T25" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "parataxis", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T25" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T21" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

References

Jensen, Hans. 1959. Altarmenische Grammatik. Heidelberg: Winter.

Ouzounian, Agnès. 1992. Le discours rapporté en arménien classique. Louvain-La-Neuve: Peeters, 1992.

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ccomp in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [ml] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [uz] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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