flat: flat
The flat relation is used to combine the elements of an expression in which none of the immediate components can be identified as the sole head using standard substitution tests.
This includes both cases where more than one component passes the head test, and cases where no component does.
Note also that the flat relation is appropriate in such cases only when no more specific relation applies. For example, in coordination structures annotated with the conj relation, any of the conjuncts can usually replace the whole.
# visual-style 2 4 flat color:blue
1 Մայր մայր NOUN _ Animacy=Hum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ Translit=Mayr|LTranslit=mayr
2 Աթոռ աթոռ NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Number=Sing 0 root _ Translit=At’oṙ|LTranslit=at’oṙ
3 Սուրբ սուրբ ADJ _ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ Translit=Sowrb|LTranslit=sowrb
4 Էջմիածին Էջմիածին PROPN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing 2 flat _ Translit=Ēǰmiaçin|LTranslit=Ēǰmiaçin
Flat expressions are annotated with a flat structure, where all subsequent components in the expression are attached to the first one using the flat label. The assumption is that in these expressions, the flat relations are not syntactic head-modifier relations, and that the structural annotation is in principle arbitrary.
The components of a flat expression may have their own dependents, including nested flat structures.
# visual-style 1 2 flat color:blue
# visual-style 1 3 flat color:blue
1 ոգի ոգի NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Translit=ogi|LTranslit=ogi
2 ի ի ADP _ AdpType=Prep|ExtPos=ADP 1 flat _ Translit=i|LTranslit=i
3 բռին բուռ NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Number=Sing 1 flat _ Translit=bṙin|LTranslit=bowṙ
4 պաշտպանեց պաշտպանել VERB _ Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Subcat=Tran|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ Translit=paštpanec’|LTranslit=paštpanel
# visual-style 1 2 flat color:blue
# visual-style 1 3 flat color:blue
# visual-style 1 4 flat color:blue
1 երէկ երէկ ADV _ _ 0 root _ Translit=erēk|LTranslit=erēk
2 չէ եմ AUX _ Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Neg|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 flat _ Translit=čē|LTranslit=em
3 առջի առջի ADJ _ NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord|Style=Vrnc 1 flat _ Translit=aṙǰi|LTranslit=aṙǰi
4 օր օր NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Number=Sing 1 flat _ Translit=òr|LTranslit=òr|SpaceAfter=No
In Western Armenian, personal names are annotated using a head-initial structure, in which the first name is the head and all subsequent components of the name, such as middle and last names, are attached to it with the flat:name relation.Note that titles, honorifics, regnal numbers, and epithets that are treated as part of a personal name are also attached to the first name using the flat:name relation (see also nmod and apposition).
The flat relation is also used for numerals, and for numerical and mathematical expressions that lack an internal syntactic structure. The leftmost numeral is the head, and the other numerals are attached to it as modifiers. Note that for numerical (spatial and temporal) distributions and ranges the flat:dist and flat:range relations are used.
# visual-style 1 2 flat color:blue
# visual-style 1 3 flat color:blue
# visual-style 1 4 flat color:blue
# visual-style 1 5 flat color:blue
1 2 2 NUM _ NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 0 root _ Translit=2|LTranslit=2|SpaceAfter=No
2 + + SYM _ _ 1 flat _ Translit=+|LTranslit=+|SpaceAfter=No
3 2 2 NUM _ NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 flat _ Translit=2|LTranslit=2|SpaceAfter=No
4 = = SYM _ _ 1 flat _ Translit==|LTranslit==|SpaceAfter=No
5 4 4 NUM _ NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 1 flat _ Translit=4|LTranslit=4|SpaceAfter=No
Date expressions that have a clear syntactic structure should be annotated with regular dependency relations. In other cases, when they have a flat structure with no clearly discernible head, the flat relation should be used.
# visual-style 4 3 nmod:poss color:blue
# visual-style 2 4 appos color:blue
1 Այս այս DET _ Deixis=Prox|PronType=Dem 2 det _ Translit=Ays|LTranslit=ays
2 տարի տարի NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Number=Sing 0 root _ Translit=tari|LTranslit=tari
3 Ապրիլի Ապրիլ NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Dat|Definite=Ind|Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ Translit=Aprili|LTranslit=April
4 26 26 NUM _ NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 2 appos _ Translit=26|LTranslit=26|SpaceAfter=No
5 - - PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ Translit=-|LTranslit=-|SpaceAfter=No
6 ին ը NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Hyph=Yes|Number=Sing 4 dep _ Translit=in|LTranslit=ë|SpaceAfter=No
7 ։ ։ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Translit=.|LTranslit=.
# visual-style 3 4 flat color:blue
# visual-style 3 6 flat color:blue
1 Չորեքշաբթի Չորեքշաբթի NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Number=Sing 0 root _ Translit=Čorek’šabt’i|LTranslit=Čorek’šabt’i|SpaceAfter=No
2 , , PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Translit=,|LTranslit=,
3 Յուլիս Յուլիս NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Number=Sing 1 appos _ Translit=Yowlis|LTranslit=Yowlis
4 7 7 NUM _ NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 flat _ Translit=7|LTranslit=7|SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT _ _ 6 punct _ Translit=,|LTranslit=,
6 2021 2021 NUM _ NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 flat _ Translit=2021|LTranslit=2021
flat in other languages: [axm] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [hy] [hyw] [it] [ka] [kk] [ky] [lij] [lt] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [pt] [ru] [sl] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]