flat: flat nominal structure
flat is one of the three relations for compounding in UD (together
with compound and fixed).
It is used for proper nouns constituted of multiple nominal
elements. For example, flat would be used between the words of
Hillary Clinton, Rio de Janeiro, or Dom Pedro I but not to
replace the usual relations in a phrasal or clausal name like O rei da Suécia or the novels O senhor dos anéis.
Words joined by flat should all be part of a minimal noun phrase;
otherwise regular syntactic relations should be used. This is
basically similar to the treatment of noun compounds with
compound, except that in many cases parts of the name may be
another nominal element such as an adjective (Páginas Amarelas).
In general, names are annotated in a flat, head-initial structure, in
which all words in the name modify the first one using the flat
label.
Dom Pedro I
flat(Dom-1, I-3)
flat(Dom-1, Pedro-2)
For organization names with clear syntactic modification structure, the dependencies should reflect the syntactic modification structure using regular syntactic relation, as in:.
Procuradoria Geral da República
amod(Procuradoria, Geral)
compound(Procuradoria, República)
In addition, regular syntactic relations are used: (i) for a modifying determiner or (ii) to connect together the words of a description or name which involve embedded prepositional phrases, sentences, etc.
os Estados Unidos
det(Estados, os)
Miguel de Cervantes
flat(Miguel, Cervantes)
case(Cervantes, de)
O rei de a Suécia
det(rei-2, O-1)
nmod(rei-2, Suécia-4)
case(Suécia-4, de-3)
Rio de Janeiro
case(Janeiro, de)
nmod(Rio, Janeiro)
In the case of proper entities named after people, e.g. Fundação Getúlio Vargas, the flat relation should only be used inside the person name, with the rest of the construction analyzed compositionally using normal syntactic relations:
Fundação Getúlio Vargas
compound(Fundação, Getúlio)
flat(Getúlio, Vargas)
flat in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [ga] [gd] [hy] [it] [ka] [kk] [ky] [pcm] [pt] [ru] [sl] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]