Aspect: aspect
| Values: | Perf | Imp | Prog | Iter |
Aspect is a feature that specifies duration of the action in time, whether the action has been completed, ongoing etc.
Tatar does not have a grammatical distinction in verbal finite forms.
However, aspectual difference matterns in some non-finite forms that introduce adverbial clause (converbs).
The following describes the values used for Aspect together with the suffixes that typically introduce the defined Aspect value.
Perf: perfect aspect
A converb suffix -гач, -кач, -гәч, -кәч implies that the event denoted by the verb is completed.
Examples
- Ашагач монда очрашыйк “Let’s meet here after eating”
Imp: imperfect aspect
The action took / takes / will take some time span and there is no information whether and when it was / will be completed. This aspect is marked with a converb suffix -ганчы, -канчы, -гәнче, -кәнче.
Examples
- Ашаганчы кулыңны ю “Wash your hands before eating”
Prog: progressive aspect
Action is in progress with respect to current or a reference time.
Tatar distinguishes this aspect only in a converb construction (“while …”) with a suffix -а or -ә.
Examples
- Мин сиңа бара-бара сөйләрмен “I will tell you on the road (lit. while going)”
- Илнар Гөлнараны озата кайтты “Ilnar saw Gölnara off”
Iter: iterative aspect
The action or event is repeated iteratively.
Examples
- язгалый башлады “(s/he) started to write (sometimes, repeatedly)”
Aspect in other languages: [arr] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [el] [eme] [ga] [gn] [gub] [hu] [hy] [hyw] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myu] [myv] [pcm] [qpm] [ru] [say] [sl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [yrl]