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This page pertains to UD version 2.

Aspect: aspect

Values: Aor Hab Iter Perf PerfBkg PerfNeg Prog ProgBkg ProgLocBkg ProgNeg

In Hausa, aspect is a feature of auxiliaries and particles that specifies the duration and completion of processes in time.

Aor: aorist aspect

The aorist expresses semantic values of habituality, repetition, general truth and anteriority. It can also be also used in backgrounded contexts, and for the expression of a wish. It is not time referenced.

Example

Perf: perfect aspect

The perfect aspect refers to a process that has been / will have been completed. In a backgrounded context, it is replaced by the backgrounded perfect aspect (PerfBkg), and by the negative perfect (PerfNeg) to express negative polarity.

Examples

PerfBkg: backgrounded perfect aspect

The backgrounded perfect aspect occurs in contexts where the process is subordinated to a another process, or to a focused item, e.g in a subordinate clause, a cleft or a content question.

Examples

PerfNeg: negative perfect aspect

The negative perfect aspect replaces the perfect aspect to express negative polarity.

Examples

Prog: progressive aspect

The progressive aspect is used to indicate ongoing processes, irrespective of time reference. In a backgrounded context, it is replaced by the backgrounded progressive aspect (ProgfBkg), and by the negative progressive (ProgfNeg) to express negative polarity.

Examples

ProgBkg: backgrounded progressive aspect

The backgrounded progressive aspect (ProgfBkg) occurs in contexts where the process is subordinated to a another process, or to a focused item, e.g in a subordinate clause, a cleft or a content question.

Examples

ProgNeg: negative progressive aspect

The negative progressive aspect replaces the progressive aspect to express negative polarity.

Examples

ProgLocBkg: backgrounded locative progressive aspect

This variant appears in backgrounded predicational and locative uses of the progressive construction.

Examples

Hab: habitual aspect

The habitual aspect expresses a process that tends to occur frequently.

Examples

Iter: iterative / frequentative aspect

The iterative / frequentative aspect is combined with the progressive aspect to denote a repeated action.

Examples


Aspect in other languages: [arr] [bej] [bg] [bm] [bor] [cs] [el] [eme] [ga] [gn] [gub] [ha] [hu] [hy] [hyw] [jaa] [ka] [ky] [la] [mdf] [myu] [myv] [nci] [pcm] [qpm] [ru] [say] [sl] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urb] [urj] [yrl]