PART: particle
Definition
Particles are function words that must be associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning and that do not satisfy definitions of other universal parts of speech (e.g. adpositions, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions or auxiliary verbs). Particles may encode grammatical categories such as negation, mood, tense etc. Russian particles are not inflected.
Note that response words such as да “yes”, нет “no”, etc. are considered particles in the PDT tagset but they should be retagged as interjections under the UD standard.
Examples
- Sentence modality: пусть (“May you have an enjoyable stay!”)
- же “just, only”
- аж “as late as, even, up to” Use case: Мне сегодня аж пять писем пришло. “Today I have recieved even five letters”
PART in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [ess] [et] [fi] [fr] [ga] [grc] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kpv] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [yue] [zh]