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acl: clausal modifier of nominal

acl stands for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a nominal. The acl relation contrasts with the advcl relation, which is used for adverbial clauses that modify a predicate. The head of the acl relation is the nominal that is modified, and the dependent is the head of the clause that modifies the nominal.

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мужчина , о котором я говорил \n man , about whom I have-talked
acl(мужчина, говорил)
acl(man, have-talked)
{
    "text": "мужчина , о котором я говорил \n man , about whom I have-talked ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 20, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 32, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 36, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 38, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 44, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 51, 62 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T13" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

This relation is also used for optional depictives. The adjective is taken to modify the nominal of which it provides a secondary predication. See xcomp for further discussion of resultatives and depictives.

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Она позвонила мне из больницы очень расстроенная . \n She called me from the hospital , upset . 
acl(Она, расстроенная)
acl(She, upset)
{
    "text": "Она позвонила мне из больницы очень расстроенная . \n She called me from the hospital , upset . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 30, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 36, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 49, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 53, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 57, 63 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 64, 66 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 67, 71 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 72, 75 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 76, 84 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T16", "token", [ [ 85, 86 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T17", "token", [ [ 87, 92 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T18", "token", [ [ 93, 94 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T17" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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Он нарисовал свою жену обнаженной . \n He painted his wife naked .
acl(жену, обнаженной)
acl(wife, naked)
{
    "text": "Он нарисовал свою жену обнаженной . \n He painted his wife naked . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 23, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 34, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 38, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 49, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 53, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 58, 63 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 64, 65 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T11" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T12" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

It is also used in the floating quantifier constructions with the semi-predicatives sam ‘oneself’, odin ‘one, alone’, ves’ ‘all, whole’, oba ‘both’, and každyj ‘each’ (Testelets 2001). If the argument to which the floating quantifier refers is omitted, the quantifier is attached directly to the predicate with the help of the obl relation.

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Они пришли сами . \n They came on-their-own .
acl(Они, сами)
acl(They, on-their-own)
{
    "text": "Они пришли сами . \n They came on-their-own . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 20, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 25, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T9", "token", [ [ 43, 44 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

Russian also allows finite clausal complements for the demonstrative pronoun “to” or a subset of nouns like fact or report.
These look roughly like relative clauses, but do not have any omitted role in the dependent clause. This is the class of “content clauses” in Huddleston and Pullum 2002). These are also analyzed as acl.

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Дело в том , что всем плевать . \n Cause-is in the-fact , that nobody cares .
acl(том, плевать)
acl(the-fact, cares)
{
    "text": "Дело в том , что всем плевать . \n Cause-is in the-fact , that nobody cares . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 11, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 13, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T6", "token", [ [ 17, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 22, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T10", "token", [ [ 34, 42 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T11", "token", [ [ 43, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T12", "token", [ [ 46, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T13", "token", [ [ 55, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T14", "token", [ [ 57, 61 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T15", "token", [ [ 62, 68 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T16", "token", [ [ 69, 74 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T17", "token", [ [ 75, 76 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R2", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T12" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T16" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

Some Russian treebanks use a language-particular subtype acl:relcl for the traditional class of relative clauses.

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Видела мужчину , которого ты любишь . \n I-saw man , whom you love .
acl:relcl(мужчину, любишь)
acl:relcl(man, love)
{
    "text": "Видела мужчину , которого ты любишь . \n I-saw man , whom you love . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T3", "token", [ [ 15, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T5", "token", [ [ 26, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T6", "token", [ [ 29, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T7", "token", [ [ 36, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T9", "token", [ [ 40, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T11", "token", [ [ 50, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T12", "token", [ [ 52, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T13", "token", [ [ 57, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T14", "token", [ [ 61, 65 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T15", "token", [ [ 66, 67 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-R1", "acl:relcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-R2", "acl:relcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T14" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ]
}

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acl in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [ml] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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