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acl: clausal modifier of noun

Clausal modifiers of nouns, with the bare acl relation, do not have relative pronouns dependent to them (those take the deprel acl:relcl). The head is the noun being modified, and the dependent is the head of the clausal modifier, which is usually the main verb.

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ਤੁਰਦੀ ਰੇਲ ਗੱਡੀ \n moving rail car
compound(ਗੱਡੀ, ਰੇਲ)
compound(rail, car)
acl(ਗੱਡੀ, ਤੁਰਦੀ)
acl(car, moving)
{
    "text": "ਤੁਰਦੀ ਰੇਲ ਗੱਡੀ \n moving rail car ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 29, 32 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "compound", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "compound", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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ਬੈਠਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਮੁੰਡਾ \n sitting being boy
acl(ਮੁੰਡਾ, ਬੈਠਿਆ)
acl(boy, sitting)
aux(ਬੈਠਿਆ, ਹੋਇਆ)
aux(sitting, being)
{
    "text": "ਬੈਠਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਮੁੰਡਾ \n sitting being boy ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 27, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 33, 36 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "aux", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

Clausal modifiers can take some arguments, but the subject can never take the ergative case, instead a passive agentive case marker like ਵੱਲੋਂ vallõ.

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ਸੱਸ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਨੂੰਹ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਅਸ਼ੀਰਵਾਦ \n mother.in.law by daughter.in.law DAT given blessings
nsubj:pass(ਦਿੱਤੇ, ਸੱਸ)
nsubj:pass(given, mother.in.law)
iobj(ਦਿੱਤੇ, ਨੂੰਹ)
iobj(given, daughter.in.law)
acl(ਅਸ਼ੀਰਵਾਦ, ਦਿੱਤੇ)
acl(blessings, given)
{
    "text": "ਸੱਸ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਨੂੰਹ ਨੂੰ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਅਸ਼ੀਰਵਾਦ \n mother.in.law by daughter.in.law DAT given blessings ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 25, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 35, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 49, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 52, 67 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 68, 71 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 72, 77 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 78, 87 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "nsubj:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "nsubj:pass", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T12" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R3", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R4", "iobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T12" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T10" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R5", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R6", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T13" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T12" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

With case markers and postpositions

The postposition ਵਾਲਾ vālā marks such clausal modifiers, with a habitual connotation, as well.

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ਆਖਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਮੁੰਡਾ \n saying (vālā) boy
acl(ਮੁੰਡਾ, ਆਖਣ)
acl(boy, saying)
mark(ਆਖਣ, ਵਾਲਾ)
mark(saying, (vālā))
{
    "text": "ਆਖਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਮੁੰਡਾ \n saying (vālā) boy ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 31, 34 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R3", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R4", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

Other cases can also be used. For example, the genitive with topic/information content of the head nominal.

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ਭਾਰਤ ਜਾਣ ਦੀ ਗੱਲ \n India going GEN talk
acl(ਗੱਲ, ਜਾਣ)
acl(talk, going)
obl(ਜਾਣ, ਭਾਰਤ)
obl(going, India)
mark(ਜਾਣ, ਦੀ)
mark(going, GEN)
{
    "text": "ਭਾਰਤ ਜਾਣ ਦੀ ਗੱਲ \n India going GEN talk ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T6", "token", [ [ 18, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 24, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 30, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T9", "token", [ [ 34, 38 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R2", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T9" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R3", "obl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R4", "obl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R5", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R6", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T8" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

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