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acl: clausal modifier of noun

acl is used for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a noun, including cases of secondary predication. Note that in French relative clauses get assigned a specific relation acl:relcl, a subtype of acl.

Non-relative clausal dependents of nouns are limited to complement clauses with a subset of nouns like fait (fact). We analyze them as acl (parallel to the analysis of this class as “content clauses” in Huddleston and Pullum 2002).

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Comment est-ce que cela peut être réconcilié avec le fait que beaucoup de mariages cassent ? \n How can that be reconciled with the fact that many marriages break up?
acl(fait, cassent)
{
    "text": "Comment est-ce que cela peut être réconcilié avec le fait que beaucoup de mariages cassent ? \n How can that be reconciled with the fact that many marriages break up? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 15, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 19, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 24, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 29, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 34, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 45, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 50, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 53, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 58, 61 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 62, 70 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 71, 73 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 74, 82 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 83, 90 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T16", "token", [ [ 91, 92 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T18", "token", [ [ 95, 98 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T19", "token", [ [ 99, 102 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T20", "token", [ [ 103, 107 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T21", "token", [ [ 108, 110 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T22", "token", [ [ 111, 121 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T23", "token", [ [ 122, 126 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T24", "token", [ [ 127, 130 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T25", "token", [ [ 131, 135 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T26", "token", [ [ 136, 140 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T27", "token", [ [ 141, 145 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T28", "token", [ [ 146, 155 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T29", "token", [ [ 156, 161 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T30", "token", [ [ 162, 165 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T10" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T15" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Une photo de ce qui s'est passé \n A picture of what happens
acl(photo, passé)
{
    "text": "Une photo de ce qui s'est passé \n A picture of what happens ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 16, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 20, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 26, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 34, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 36, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 44, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 47, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 52, 59 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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Un culte nourri d'influences d'anciens mythes \n A cult nourrished with influences from old myths
acl(culte, nourri)
{
    "text": "Un culte nourri d'influences d'anciens mythes \n A cult nourrished with influences from old myths ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 29, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 39, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 48, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 50, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 55, 65 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 66, 70 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 71, 81 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 82, 86 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T14", "token", [ [ 87, 90 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T15", "token", [ [ 91, 96 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

The acl relation is also used for secondary predicates modifying a nominal:

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Il quitta la pièce pleurant . \n He left the room crying .
acl(Il, pleurant)
{
    "text": "Il quitta la pièce pleurant . \n He left the room crying . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 19, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 28, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T8", "token", [ [ 32, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T9", "token", [ [ 35, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T10", "token", [ [ 40, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T11", "token", [ [ 44, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T12", "token", [ [ 49, 55 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T13", "token", [ [ 56, 57 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

Some examples of the acl relation in UD_French-Spoken:

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on va donc avoir nos regards braqués sur l'hémisphère sud \n so we will be focused on the southern hemisphere
acl(regards, braqués)
{
    "text": "on va donc avoir nos regards braqués sur l'hémisphère sud \n so we will be focused on the southern hemisphere ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 11, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 29, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 37, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T10", "token", [ [ 54, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T12", "token", [ [ 60, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T13", "token", [ [ 63, 65 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T14", "token", [ [ 66, 70 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T15", "token", [ [ 71, 73 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T16", "token", [ [ 74, 81 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T17", "token", [ [ 82, 84 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T18", "token", [ [ 85, 88 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T19", "token", [ [ 89, 97 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T20", "token", [ [ 98, 108 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

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la difficulté à vivre \n a difficulty to live with
acl(difficulté,vivre)
mark(vivre,à)
{
    "text": "la difficulté à vivre \n a difficulty to live with ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T3", "token", [ [ 14, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T7", "token", [ [ 26, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T8", "token", [ [ 37, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T9", "token", [ [ 40, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T10", "token", [ [ 45, 49 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-R2", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ]
}

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j'avais de la chance d' avoir des enfants qui travaillaient \n I was lucky to have children who were working
acl(chance,avoir)
mark(avoir,d')
{
    "text": "j'avais de la chance d' avoir des enfants qui travaillaient \n I was lucky to have children who were working ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-7-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T2", "token", [ [ 8, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T7", "token", [ [ 30, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T8", "token", [ [ 34, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T9", "token", [ [ 42, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 59 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T12", "token", [ [ 62, 63 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T13", "token", [ [ 64, 67 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T14", "token", [ [ 68, 73 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T15", "token", [ [ 74, 76 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T16", "token", [ [ 77, 81 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T17", "token", [ [ 82, 90 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T18", "token", [ [ 91, 94 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T19", "token", [ [ 95, 99 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T20", "token", [ [ 100, 107 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-7-R1", "acl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-R2", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "7" ]
}

N.B.: For cleft sentences UD_French-Spoken uses a subrelation of acl: the acl:cleft relation.

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acl in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [ml] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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