PRON

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`PRON`: pronoun

Definition

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

Pronouns under this definition function like nouns. Note that Ukrainian grammar traditionally extends the term pronoun to words that substitute for adjectives. Such words are not tagged PRON under our universal scheme. They are tagged as determiners in order to annotate the same thing same way across languages.

For instance, tohle “this” is traditionally called pronoun in Czech grammar, regardless of context (the notion of determiners does not exist in Ukrainian grammar). To make the annotation parallel across languages, it is now tagged PRON in Це я бачила вчора. “I saw this yesterday.” and DET in Це дерево я бачила вчора. _ “I saw this tree yesterday.”

Examples

personal pronouns: я, ти, він, вона, воно, ми, ви, вони “I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, they”
reflexive pronouns: себе, се, собі, собою “oneself”
demonstrative pronouns: це as in Це я бачила вчора. “I saw this yesterday.”
interrogative pronouns: хто, що “who, what” as in Що ти думаєш? “What do you think?”
relative pronouns: хто, що “who, what” as in Мене цікавить, що ти думаєш. “I wonder what you think.”
indefinite pronouns: дехто, дещо “somebody, something”
total pronouns: кожен, всі “everybody, all”
negative pronouns: ніхто, ніщо “nobody, nothing”

References

Treebank Statistics (UD_Ukrainian)

There are 20 PRON lemmas (3%), 41 PRON types (6%) and 153 PRON tokens (9%). Out of 16 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 7 in number of lemmas, 5 in number of types and 4 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: він, я, це, ти, вона, вони, ми, що, все, дехто

The 10 most frequent PRON types: він, це, його, ти, я, вона, що, дехто, її, вони

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: це (PRON 14, PART 1), що (SCONJ 24, PRON 7), все (PRON 5, ADV 1), то (PART 4, PRON 1), той (DET 7, PRON 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: це (PRON 7, PART 1), його (PRON 6, DET 1), що (SCONJ 24, PRON 4), її (PRON 5, DET 1), все (PRON 3, ADV 1), Той (PRON 1, DET 1), то (PART 4, PRON 1), тому (ADV 1, PRON 1)

це
- PRON 7: Не забуваймо , це ще не все .
- PART 1: Василю Петровичу , ну що це Ви ?
його
- PRON 6: Він зустрів її на вокзалі і вона його поцілувала .
- DET 1: За старим стояла Христина , його гарна онука .
що
- SCONJ 24: Микола сказав , що Хлопець пішов раніше .
- PRON 4: Василю Петровичу , ну що це Ви ?
її
- PRON 5: Він зустрів її на вокзалі і поцілував .
- DET 1: На підставі її свідчень його відпустили .
все
- PRON 3: Не забуваймо , це ще не все .
- ADV 1: Коли вони доїхали до траси , мати — втомлена від тягарів жінка з пожовтілим обличчям — все ще здалеку виглядала свого чоловіка .
Той
- PRON 1: Той , що шукає досконалості , є приречений створити тільки фрагменти .
- DET 1: Той факт , що всім байдуже , не повинен нас зупинити .
то
- PART 4: Сиджу на парах і не знаю , чи то я сплю , чи то дрімаю …
- PRON 1: Чи я сплю чи то сниться мені ?
тому
- ADV 1: Пишу , тому що обіцяла .
- PRON 1: Проблема у тому , що цього ніхто навіть не пробував .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 2.050000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.172859).

The 1st highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “вони”: Їх, вони, них, їм.

The 2nd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “він”: він, його, йому, ним.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “вона”: вона, їй, її.

PRON occurs with 7 features: Case (153; 100% instances), PronType (153; 100% instances), Person (100; 65% instances), Animacy (88; 58% instances), Gender (88; 58% instances), Number (49; 32% instances), Reflex (4; 3% instances)

PRON occurs with 25 feature-value pairs: Animacy=Anim, Animacy=Inan, Case=Acc, Case=Dat, Case=Gen, Case=Ins, Case=Loc, Case=Nom, Case=Voc, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Neg, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rel, PronType=Tot, Reflex=Yes

PRON occurs with 47 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Person=3|PronType=Prs (28 tokens). Examples: він

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 11 different relations: nsubj (84; 55% instances), dobj (32; 21% instances), nmod (15; 10% instances), iobj (8; 5% instances), nsubjpass (4; 3% instances), discourse (3; 2% instances), parataxis (2; 1% instances), root (2; 1% instances), ccomp (1; 1% instances), expl (1; 1% instances), vocative (1; 1% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: VERB (122; 80% instances), NOUN (10; 7% instances), ADV (9; 6% instances), ADJ (4; 3% instances), PRON (4; 3% instances), ROOT (2; 1% instances), CONJ (1; 1% instances), DET (1; 1% instances)

121 (79%) PRON nodes are leaves.

24 (16%) PRON nodes have one child.

1 (1%) PRON nodes have two children.

7 (5%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 4.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 14 different relations: case (15; 30% instances), punct (9; 18% instances), nsubj (5; 10% instances), acl (4; 8% instances), neg (3; 6% instances), advmod (2; 4% instances), appos (2; 4% instances), discourse (2; 4% instances), dislocated (2; 4% instances), mark (2; 4% instances), amod (1; 2% instances), nummod (1; 2% instances), uk-dep/nummod:gov (1; 2% instances), vocative (1; 2% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: ADP (15; 30% instances), PUNCT (9; 18% instances), PART (6; 12% instances), NOUN (4; 8% instances), PRON (4; 8% instances), VERB (4; 8% instances), ADJ (2; 4% instances), ADV (2; 4% instances), NUM (2; 4% instances), PROPN (1; 2% instances), SCONJ (1; 2% instances)

PRON in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]