ExtPos: external part of speech
| Values: | ADP | ADV | CCONJ | DET | INTJ | NOUN | PRON | PROPN | SCONJ |
This feature differs significantly from all other features: It describes neither the lexical category,
nor the inflectional paradigm slot of the token it appears on. Rather than to the individual token,
it pertains to a multiword expression and indicates the part of speech that the expression would get
if it were analyzed as a single word. ExtPos is annotated at the head node of the multiword
expression. The possible values are taken from the defined UPOS tags and no other
values are allowed (not even at the language-specific level). The main motivation for ExtPos is that
the multiword expression may behave like a part of speech different from the UPOS of the head node;
however, ExtPos is sometimes used even if it is identical to the UPOS of the head node.
In Maltese, ExtPos is used for the following types of fixed expressions.
ADP: adposition-like expression
Multiword adpositions occur in many languages. Often they are grammaticalized prepositional phrases.
Examples
- [mt] permezz ta’ elezzjoni “by means of an election”.
ADV: adverb-like expression
Examples
- [mt] in ġenerali “in general”.
- [mt] x’ aktarx “rather (lit. what more)”
CCONJ: coordinating conjunction-like expression
Examples
- [mt] kif ukoll “as well as”. Note kif is an interrogative
PRONand ukoll is a focus particle with UPOS=ADV.
PART: negator
Examples
- [mt] …s’issa għadhom lanqas biss irċevew acknowledgment tat-talba tagħha. “… as of today, they still haven’t even received the acknowledgment of her request.”
PROPN: proper noun-like expression
Examples
- [cs] Jeho kniha Most přes řeku Kwai byla zfilmována. “His book The Bridge over the River Kwai was made into a movie.” (Most = NOUN)
SCONJ: subordinator-like expression
Examples
In Maltese, this is the most common type of fixed expression, typically consisting of an ADP and a complementizer, most commonly li, but also ma.
- [mt] Wara li kienet ħarġet l-aħbar sirna nafu… “After the news item came out, we came to learn…”
- [mt] Filwaqt li ma nikkunsidrax lili nnifsi nisrani… “while I do not consider myself a Christian…” Note that filwaqt on its own is also a
SCONJ. - [mt] Hekk kif il-prezz tal-fuel fil-pajjiż din il-ġimgħa laħaq livelli rekord. “Just as the price of fuel in the country reached record levels this week.” Note that hekk is normally an
ADVand kif is an interrogativePRON.
This also includes the circumstantial SCONJ that consists of a PRON and the CCONJ u:
- [mt] Niftakar jien u nilbisha ħassejtha tiżloq fuqi. “I remember how when I put it on, it felt slippery on me.
ExtPos in other languages: [af] [bej] [de] [el] [en] [fr] [gd] [ha] [ht] [hy] [hyw] [it] [koi] [ltg] [lv] [mt] [naq] [nmf] [orv] [pcm] [pt] [ru] [say] [u] [uk] [xcl]