ExtPos: external part of speech
| Values: | ADV | CCONJ | DET | PART | SCONJ |
This feature differs significantly from all other features: It describes neither the lexical category,
nor the inflectional paradigm slot of the token it appears on. Rather than to the individual token,
it pertains to a multiword expression and indicates the part of speech that the expression would get
if it were analyzed as a single word. ExtPos is annotated at the head node of the multiword
expression. The possible values are taken from the defined UPOS tags and no other
values are allowed (not even at the language-specific level). The main motivation for ExtPos is that
the multiword expression may behave like a part of speech different from the UPOS of the head node;
however, ExtPos is sometimes used even if it is identical to the UPOS of the head node. Also, it is
not strictly necessary that the expression is multiword – if one of the words of the expression is
omitted by mistake, or if a single word has been coerced into a part of speech different from its
lexical one, ExtPos may be used to signal it.
Currently in Latvian ExtPos is used for fixed functional multiword expressions (the head node has
one or more children attached via the fixed relation).
ADV: adverb-like expression
Examples
- process aizsākās vairāk kā 50 gadus atpakaļ “process started more than 50 years ago” (vairāk = ADV, kā = SCONJ)
CCONJ: coordinating conjunction-like expression
Examples
DET: determiner-like expression
Examples
PART: multiword particle
All words in the construction are PART.
Examples
- te bija it kā maza būdiņa “there was ??? a little hut”. it kā gives all this sentence a flavour of uncertainty - maybe the hut was small, maybe the hut wasn’t that small, maybe it wasn’t hut at all but just an old wreck, who knows, how the situation will look, when the narrator comes closer.
- dāmas kleitās kā no žurnāla vāka, diez vai pašas šuvušas “ladies in dresses like from the magazine cover, ??? sewn by themselves”. Here diez vai let’s us know that narrator doubts if the ladies made their dreses on their own - maybe they did, maybe not, and narrator somewhat favors the hypothesis that they didn’t.
- nekas it kā nebija noticis, knapi turējos kājās “nothing ??? hadn’t happened, [I] could barely stand on my legs”. It kā again gives uncertainty, and the continuation of the sentence further builds on that element of doubt - if narrator struggles to stand, then it is even more likely that narrator’s judgement about how nothing happened is wrong.
SCONJ: subordinator-like expression
Examples
- viņš atgriezās, lai gan tas nebija vajadzīgs “he returned even though it was not necessary” (lai = SCONJ, gan = PART)
ExtPos in other languages: [bej] [de] [en] [fr] [ha] [ht] [pcm] [pt] [u]