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discourse: discourse element

The discourse relation is used for interjections and other discourse particles and elements which are not clearly linked to the structure of the sentence, except in an expressive way. These include interjections (e.g. oh), fillers (e.g. um ‘uhm’, ah), and discourse markers (no ‘well’, a ne ‘right’). These discourse elements are attached to the head of the most relevant clause (usually the root predicate), even though they are normally not dependents of the predicates as such.

discourse

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
Oh , lepše od te si niste mogli izbrati  \n Oh, more-beautiful than this-one REFLEX you-not-aux-PAST could choose
discourse(mogli,Oh-1)
discourse(could,Oh-11)
{
    "text": "Oh , lepše od te si niste mogli izbrati \n Oh, more-beautiful than this-one REFLEX you-not-aux-PAST could choose ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 5, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 11, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 14, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 17, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 20, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T8", "token", [ [ 26, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 32, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 42, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 46, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 61, 65 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 66, 74 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 75, 81 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T16", "token", [ [ 82, 98 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T17", "token", [ [ 99, 104 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T18", "token", [ [ 105, 111 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
Tam so samo zamahnili z roko, češ , se bo že vrnila. \n There they-aux-PAST only waved their hand , as-if-to-say , REFLEX she-will still return .
discourse(zamahnili,češ)
discourse(waved,as-if-to-say)
{
    "text": "Tam so samo zamahnili z roko, češ , se bo že vrnila. \n There they-aux-PAST only waved their hand , as-if-to-say , REFLEX she-will still return . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 12, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 22, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 24, 29 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 30, 33 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 34, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 36, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 39, 41 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 42, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 45, 52 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 55, 60 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T15", "token", [ [ 61, 74 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T16", "token", [ [ 75, 79 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T17", "token", [ [ 80, 85 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T18", "token", [ [ 86, 91 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T19", "token", [ [ 92, 96 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T20", "token", [ [ 97, 98 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T21", "token", [ [ 99, 111 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T22", "token", [ [ 112, 113 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T23", "token", [ [ 114, 120 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T24", "token", [ [ 121, 129 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T25", "token", [ [ 130, 135 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T26", "token", [ [ 136, 142 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T27", "token", [ [ 143, 144 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R2", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T17" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T21" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
Tebi gre najbrž drugače, rdečečopek , kajne ? \n To-you it-goes probably differently , red-ponytail , right ?
discourse(gre,kajne)
discourse(it-goes, right)
{
    "text": "Tebi gre najbrž drugače, rdečečopek , kajne ? \n To-you it-goes probably differently , red-ponytail , right ? ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 5, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T6", "token", [ [ 36, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 38, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 44, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 48, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 55, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T12", "token", [ [ 63, 71 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T13", "token", [ [ 72, 83 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T14", "token", [ [ 84, 85 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T15", "token", [ [ 86, 98 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T16", "token", [ [ 99, 100 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T17", "token", [ [ 101, 106 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T18", "token", [ [ 107, 108 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-R2", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T11" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T17" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

These expressions are particularly frequent in speech. If an utterance consists of discourse elements only, as in the example below, the semantically most salient expression is chosen as the head root. If it is not possible to determine the least semantically empty expression, the first element is treated as the head (second example).

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
aja ja dobro \n oh yes alright
discourse(dobro,aja)
discourse(dobro,ja)
discourse(alright,oh)
discourse(alright,yes)
{
    "text": "aja ja dobro \n oh yes alright ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 7, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T5", "token", [ [ 15, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 18, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 22, 29 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R2", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R3", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-R4", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T7" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

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input
    
brat
    
info
  
ja ja ja \n yes yes yes
discourse(ja-1,ja-2)
discourse(ja-1,ja-3)
discourse(yes-5,yes-6)
discourse(yes-5,yes-7)
{
    "text": "ja ja ja \n yes yes yes ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 6, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 11, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T6", "token", [ [ 15, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 19, 22 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R2", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R3", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-R4", "discourse", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

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discourse in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [el] [en] [eu] [fi] [fr] [ga] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [no] [pcm] [pt] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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