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xcomp: open clausal complement

The xcomp dependency (open clausal complement of a verb or an adjective) is a clausal complement without its own subject, usually serving as an object or a predicative. Its subject is determined by an argument external to the xcomp, most probably either by the object or the subject of the next higher clause, a situation often referred to as “obligatory control”. The clausal complement can be headed by various speech parts, such as a VERB, an ADJ and a NOUN, while the xcomp taking predicate of the higher clause can be either a VERB or an ADJ. Generally speaking, the xcomp referrers to a situation where the subject of both the main predicate and the clausal complement is the same, therefore it has to be omitted.

The phenomena described above have been encountered in the Pomak treebank:

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input
    
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info
  
dvéte séstry zafátiho da šáptot so usúlna 
"the two sisters started to whisper softly"
xcomp(zafátiho, šáptot) 
{
    "text": "dvéte séstry zafátiho da šáptot so usúlna ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 5 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 6, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 13, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 32, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 35, 41 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

xcomp is used for marking obligatory secondary predication.

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input
    
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info
  
dójdahme da u stórime memnǘn 
"(we) went, so as  to make you happy"
root(dójdahme)
advcl(dójdahme, stórime)
mark(stórime, da)
obj(stórime, u)
xcomp(stórime, memnǘn)
{
    "text": "dójdahme da u stórime memnǘn ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 9, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 22, 28 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R3", "advcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R4", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R5", "obj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-R6", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T4" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": true,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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xcomp in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ka] [kk] [la] [ml] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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