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xcomp: open clausal complement

An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a verb or an adjective is a predicative or clausal complement without its own subject. The reference of the subject is necessarily determined by an argument external to the xcomp (normally by the object of the next higher clause, if there is one, or else by the subject of the next higher clause).

In many cases, the clause is an infinitive verb, with or without zu (infinitive to).

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Er versucht , sie zu verführen . \n He is trying to seduce her .
nsubj(versucht, Er)
xcomp(versucht, verführen)
obj(verführen, sie)
mark(verführen, zu)
{
    "text": "Er versucht , sie zu verführen . \n He is trying to seduce her . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T9", "token", [ [ 35, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T10", "token", [ [ 38, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T11", "token", [ [ 41, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T12", "token", [ [ 48, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T13", "token", [ [ 51, 57 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T14", "token", [ [ 58, 61 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T15", "token", [ [ 62, 63 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "obj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "mark", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T6" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Er ließ alle Demonstranten verhaften . \n He got all the demonstrators arrested .
xcomp(ließ, verhaften)
{
    "text": "Er ließ alle Demonstranten verhaften . \n He got all the demonstrators arrested . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 27, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 37, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 41, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T9", "token", [ [ 44, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T10", "token", [ [ 48, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T11", "token", [ [ 52, 55 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T12", "token", [ [ 56, 69 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T13", "token", [ [ 70, 78 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T14", "token", [ [ 79, 80 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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Er blieb dort stehen . \n He remained standing there .
xcomp(blieb, stehen)
{
    "text": "Er blieb dort stehen . \n He remained standing there . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 9, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 14, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T7", "token", [ [ 25, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T8", "token", [ [ 28, 36 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T9", "token", [ [ 37, 45 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T10", "token", [ [ 46, 51 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T11", "token", [ [ 52, 53 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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Ich lerne tanzen . \n I am learning to dance .
xcomp(lerne, tanzen)
{
    "text": "Ich lerne tanzen . \n I am learning to dance . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T6", "token", [ [ 21, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T7", "token", [ [ 23, 25 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T8", "token", [ [ 26, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T9", "token", [ [ 35, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T10", "token", [ [ 38, 43 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T11", "token", [ [ 44, 45 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T3" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

Note that in some cases the open clausal complement is an adjective or a noun.

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Wir machen uns selbstständig . \n We make ourselves independent .
xcomp(machen, selbstständig)
{
    "text": "Wir machen uns selbstständig . \n We make ourselves independent . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T5", "token", [ [ 29, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T7", "token", [ [ 33, 35 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T8", "token", [ [ 36, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T9", "token", [ [ 41, 50 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T10", "token", [ [ 51, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T11", "token", [ [ 63, 64 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

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Ich fühle mich gezwungen , dies zu tun . \n I feel forced to do it .
xcomp(fühle, gezwungen)
{
    "text": "Ich fühle mich gezwungen , dies zu tun . \n I feel forced to do it . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-6-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T6", "token", [ [ 27, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T7", "token", [ [ 32, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T8", "token", [ [ 35, 38 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T9", "token", [ [ 39, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T11", "token", [ [ 43, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T12", "token", [ [ 45, 49 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T13", "token", [ [ 50, 56 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T14", "token", [ [ 57, 59 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T15", "token", [ [ 60, 62 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T16", "token", [ [ 63, 65 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-6-T17", "token", [ [ 66, 67 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-6-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-6-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-6-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "6" ]
}

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Ich finde es toll , dass ... \n I find it great , that ...
xcomp(finde, toll)
{
    "text": "Ich finde es toll , dass ... \n I find it great , that ... ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-7-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T5", "token", [ [ 18, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T6", "token", [ [ 20, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T7", "token", [ [ 25, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T9", "token", [ [ 31, 32 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T10", "token", [ [ 33, 37 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T11", "token", [ [ 38, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T12", "token", [ [ 41, 46 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T13", "token", [ [ 47, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T14", "token", [ [ 49, 53 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-7-T15", "token", [ [ 54, 57 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-7-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-7-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-7-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "7" ]
}

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Sie nennt ihren Hund Waldi . \n She calls her dog Waldi .
xcomp(nennt, Waldi)
{
    "text": "Sie nennt ihren Hund Waldi . \n She calls her dog Waldi . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-8-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T4", "token", [ [ 16, 20 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T5", "token", [ [ 21, 26 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T6", "token", [ [ 27, 28 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T8", "token", [ [ 31, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T9", "token", [ [ 35, 40 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T10", "token", [ [ 41, 44 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T11", "token", [ [ 45, 48 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T12", "token", [ [ 49, 54 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-8-T13", "token", [ [ 55, 56 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-8-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-8-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-8-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "8" ]
}

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xcomp in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ka] [kk] [la] [ml] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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