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xcomp: open clausal complement

An open clausal complement (xcomp) of a verb or an adjective is a predicative or clausal complement without its own subject. The reference of the subject is necessarily determined by an argument external to the xcomp (normally by the object of the next higher clause, if there is one, or else by the subject of the next higher clause. These complements are always non-finite, and they are complements (arguments of the higher verb or adjective) rather than adjuncts/modifiers, such as a purpose clause. The name xcomp is borrowed from Lexical-Functional Grammar.

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He says that you like to swim
xcomp(like, swim)
{
    "text": "He says that you like to swim ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 3, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 8, 12 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 13, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 21 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T6", "token", [ [ 22, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T7", "token", [ [ 25, 29 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T7" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

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Sue asked George to respond to her offer
xcomp(asked, respond)
{
    "text": "Sue asked George to respond to her offer ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T4", "token", [ [ 17, 19 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T5", "token", [ [ 20, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T6", "token", [ [ 28, 30 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T7", "token", [ [ 31, 34 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-T8", "token", [ [ 35, 40 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ]
}

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I consider him a fool
xcomp(consider, fool)
{
    "text": "I consider him a fool ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T2", "token", [ [ 2, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-T5", "token", [ [ 17, 21 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ]
}

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I consider him honest
xcomp(consider, honest)
{
    "text": "I consider him honest ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 1 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T2", "token", [ [ 2, 10 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T3", "token", [ [ 11, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 21 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ]
}

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She looks very beautiful
xcomp(looks, beautiful)
{
    "text": "She looks very beautiful ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-5-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 3 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T2", "token", [ [ 4, 9 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T3", "token", [ [ 10, 14 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-5-T4", "token", [ [ 15, 24 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-5-R1", "xcomp", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-5-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-5-T4" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "5" ]
}

For additional examples and discussion, see the universal xcomp page.

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xcomp in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [it] [ka] [kk] [la] [ml] [no] [pa] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]

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