NUM: numeral
Definition
A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective, or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction.
Note that cardinal numerals are covered by NUM whether they are used as determiners or not and whether they are expressed as words (չորս), digits (4), or Armenian letters (Դ). Other words functioning as determiners, including pronominal quantifiers: demonstrative (հանչաք, հէնչափ/hančak’, hēnčap’ “that much”); indefinite (մէկ մի/mēk mi “some”); definite (ամէն/amēn “every”) are tagged DET.
Note that some words that may be traditionally called numerals, are not tagged NUM, based on their syntactic and morphological behavior. Adverbial (multiplicative) numerals are tagged as adverbs ADV, ordinal numerals are tagged as adjectives ADJ.
If a numeral inflects as a noun, it is tagged NOUN.
Examples
- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2014, 1000000, 3.14159265359
- մէկ (մեկ)/mēk (mek) “one”, երկու/erkow “two”, իրեք (երեք)/irek’ (erek’) “three”, չորս/čors “four”, հինգ (հինկ)/hing (hink) “five”, տասնու(վ)իրեք/tasnow(v)irek’ “thirteen”, քսանուչորս/k’sanowčors “twenty-four”, քառսուն/k’aṙsown “forty”, երկու հարոյր/erkow haroyr “two hundred”
- Ա, Ժ, Է, ԺԱ, Ն, Ռ “1, 10, 7, 11, 400, 1000”
- կէս/kēs “one-half”, չարէկ/čarēk “quarter”: denominators of fractions constitute a separate class of cardinal numerals.
Counterexamples
- առջի/aṙǰi “first”, երկուսում/erkowsowm “second”, իրեքում/irek’owm “third”: adjectival ordinal numerals. They are tagged ADJ, and the NumType feature reveals their semantic relation to numbers.
- մէկ-մէկ/mēk-mēk “one at a time”, երկու-երկու/erkow-erkow “two at a time”, իրեք-իրեք/irek’-irek’ “three at a time”: adverbial distributive numerals. They are tagged ADV, and the NumType feature reveals their semantic relation to numbers.
Border cases
- միատակ/miatak “once”, չորստակ/čorstak “four times”, are not considered numerals. They are tagged either ADJ or ADV.
- հարոյր/հարուր/հարիր/հարիւր/haroyr/harowr/harir/hariwr “hundred”, հազար/hazar “thousand”: words for large quantities are ambiguous between cardinal numerals (tagged
NUM) and nouns. When they denote an indefinite large quantity rather than an exact numeric value, they are tagged NOUN. In exact numeric expressions, they are taggedNUM.
NUM in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [grc] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [hyw] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [no] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [ps] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]