NUM: numeral
Definition
A numeral is a word, functioning most typically as a determiner, adjective or pronoun, that expresses a number and a relation to the number, such as quantity, sequence, frequency or fraction.
Note that cardinal numerals are covered by NUM whether they are used as determiners or not and whether they are expressed as words (չորս), digits (4), or Armenian letters (Դ). Other words functioning as determiners (including pronominal quantifiers: demonstrative (հանչաք, հէնչափ/hančak’, hēnčap’ “that much”); indefinite (մէկ մի/mēk mi “some”); definite (ամէն/amēn “every”) are tagged DET.
Note that some words that may be traditionally called numerals, are not tagged NUM, based on their syntactic and morphological behavior. Adverbial (multiplicative) numerals are taged as adverbs ADV , ordinal numerals are taged as adjectives ADJ.
If the numerals inflect as nouns, they are tagged NOUN.
Examples
- 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2014, 1000000, 3.14159265359
- մէկ (մեկ)/mēk (mek), երկու/erkow, իրեք (երեք)/irek’ (erek’), չորս/čors, հինգ (հինկ)/hing (hink), տասնու(վ)իրեք/tasnow(v)irek’, քսանուչորս/k’sanowčors, քառսուն/k’aṙsown, երկու հարոյր/erkow haroyr; “one, two, three, four, five, thirteen, twenty two, fourty, two hundred”
- Ա, Ժ, Է, ԺԱ, Ն, Ռ “1, 10, 7, 11, 400, 1000”
- կէս/kēs, չարէկ/čarēk “one-half, quarter”: denominators of fractions constitute a separate class of cardinal numerals.
Counterexamples
- առջի/aṙǰi, երկուսում/erkowsowm, իրեքում/irek’owm “first, second, third”: adjectival ordinal numerals. They are tagged ADJ, and the NumType feature reveals their semantic relation to numbers.
- մէկ-մէկ/mēk-mēk, երկու-երկու/erkow-erkow, իրեք-իրեք/irek’-irek’ “one at a time, two at a time, three at a time”: adverbial distibutive numerals. They are tagged ADV, and the NumType feature reveals their semantic relation to numbers.
Border cases
- միատակ/miatak, չորստակ/čorstak, հինգ պատիկ (հինգպատիկ)/ hing patik (hingpatik), երեք տարպայ/erek’ tarpay “once, four-time(s), five time(s), three times” are not considered numerals in the Armenian grammar. They are tagged either ADJ or ADV.
- հարոյր/հարուր/հարիր/հարիւր/haroyr/harowr/harir/hariwr, հազար/hazar; “hundred, thousand”: words for large quantities are ambiguous between cardinal numerals (tagged
NUM) and nouns.
NUM in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [no] [oge] [pcm] [ps] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]