PRON: pronoun
Definition
Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns u-dep/u/pos/noun or noun phrases, whose meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.
Words that substitute for adjectives u-dep/u/pos/adj (proadjectives) are also tagged as PRON in Estonian UD v 1.3.
Examples:
Demonstrative pronouns: see “this”, too “that”, üks “one, indefinite article-like usages”, esimene “first, this”, teine “second, that”, igaüks “everyone” etc.
Personal pronouns: mina (short form ma) “I”, sina (short form sa) “you”, tema (short form ta) “s/he”. For plural personal pronouns meie (me) “we”, teie (te) “you”, nemad (nad) “they”, the singular form serves as lemma.
Personal reflexive pronouns: oma, ise, omaenese, iseenese “self, oneself”.
Interrogative-relative pronouns: kes “who”, mis “what”.
Indefinite pronouns: keegi “somebody, anybody”, miski “something, anything” etc.
Totality pronouns: kõik “all, everybody”.
Reciprocal pronouns: teineteise “one another, each other”.
Possessive pronouns: oma, enese “self, oneself”.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Estonian)
There are 56 PRON lemmas (0%), 413 PRON types (1%) and 15677 PRON tokens (7%).
Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 11 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: see, tema, mina, mis, oma, kes, ise, sina, kõik, üks
The 10 most frequent PRON types: ta, see, oma, mis, ma, kes, seda, selle, tema, nad
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: see (PRON 3461, NOUN 1), mina (PRON 2101, NOUN 5), mis (PRON 1441, ADV 1), oma (PRON 967, ADJ 7, ADV 4, NOUN 4), ise (PRON 648, ADV 97, ADJ 1, NOUN 1), kõik (PRON 570, NOUN 4), üks (PRON 495, NUM 207), teine (PRON 447, ADJ 123, NUM 1), miski (PRON 287, NOUN 9), palju (ADV 271, PRON 132)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: oma (PRON 852, ADV 4, NOUN 4, VERB 2, ADJ 1), mis (PRON 652, ADV 1), üks (PRON 152, NUM 70), talle (PRON 136, NOUN 1), ise (PRON 134, ADV 85, ADJ 1), meil (PRON 93, NOUN 2), mina (PRON 64, NOUN 5), teine (PRON 69, ADJ 27), ühe (PRON 70, NUM 58), teise (PRON 45, ADJ 20, NUM 1)
- oma
- PRON 852: Ta ei mäletanud isegi oma naise tegu ja nägu , rääkimata nimest .
- ADV 4: Äkitselt oli samas maailmaosas ametlikult 20 riiki ja oma 15 keelt .
- NOUN 4: Eesti pangamiljonär on keskmiselt 50-aastane ehk seitse aastat oma Ameerika kolleegist noorem .
- VERB 2: Sageli on tegemist tüüpiliste kulutajatega , kes ühelt poolt teenivad küll korralikult , kuid ei oma märkimisväärselt sääste .
- ADJ 1: See on nii lihtne ja tavaline ja sellepärast ka nii oma .
- mis
- üks
- talle
- ise
- meil
- mina
- teine
- ühe
- teise
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 7.375000 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.839644).
The 1st highest number of forms (42) was observed with the lemma “see”: Nendeks, need, needki, neid, neidki, neil, neile, neilgi, neilt, neis, neisse, neist, nende, nendega, nendel, nendele, nendes, nendest, seda, sedagi, see, seegi, seks, sel, selle, sellega, sellegi, selleks, sellel, sellele, sellelt, selleltki, selleni, selles, selleski, sellesse, sellest, sellestki, selleta, selletagi, ses, sest.
The 2nd highest number of forms (35) was observed with the lemma “mina”: ma, me, meid, meie, meiega, meiegi, meieni, meil, meile, meilegi, meilgi, meilt, meist, meistki, mina, minagi, mind, minu, minuga, minul, minule, minulgi, minult, minuni, minus, minuski, minust, minuta, mu, mul, mulgi, mulle, mullegi, mult, must.
The 3rd highest number of forms (34) was observed with the lemma “tema”: nad, neid, neidki, neil, neile, neilt, neis, neisse, neist, nemad, nemadki, nende, nendega, nendeks, nendel, nendele, nendelegi, nendest, ta, tal, talle, talt, tast, teda, tema, temaga, temagi, temal, temale, temalgi, temalt, temas, temasse, temast.
PRON occurs with 8 features: PronType (15677; 100% instances), Case (15676; 100% instances), Number (15676; 100% instances), Person (5674; 36% instances), Poss (1046; 7% instances), Reflex (814; 5% instances), Degree (61; 0% instances), NumForm (2; 0% instances)
PRON occurs with 32 feature-value pairs: Case=Abe, Case=Abl, Case=Add, Case=Ade, Case=All, Case=Com, Case=Ela, Case=Ess, Case=Gen, Case=Ill, Case=Ine, Case=Nom, Case=Par, Case=Ter, Case=Tra, Degree=Pos, NumForm=Letter, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Poss=Yes, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int, PronType=Int,Rel, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rcp, PronType=Rel, PronType=Tot, Reflex=Yes
PRON occurs with 219 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem (1492 tokens).
Examples: see, üks, teine, ükski, too, seegi, esimene, igaüks, sihuke, siuke
Relations
PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 21 different relations: nsubj (4545; 29% instances), nmod (3792; 24% instances), det (3211; 20% instances), dobj (1828; 12% instances), nsubj:cop (884; 6% instances), nmod:poss (864; 6% instances), root (197; 1% instances), conj (140; 1% instances), advmod:quant (95; 1% instances), advcl (36; 0% instances), dep (23; 0% instances), parataxis (21; 0% instances), ccomp (16; 0% instances), acl:relcl (6; 0% instances), amod (5; 0% instances), xcomp (5; 0% instances), cc:preconj (4; 0% instances), csubj (2; 0% instances), appos (1; 0% instances), foreign (1; 0% instances), vocative (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PRON nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (8887; 57% instances), NOUN (5173; 33% instances), ADJ (768; 5% instances), PRON (338; 2% instances), ROOT (197; 1% instances), ADV (117; 1% instances), PROPN (94; 1% instances), NUM (83; 1% instances), AUX (7; 0% instances), ADP (6; 0% instances), SCONJ (4; 0% instances), SYM (2; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
13816 (88%) PRON nodes are leaves.
1322 (8%) PRON nodes have one child.
265 (2%) PRON nodes have two children.
274 (2%) PRON nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PRON node is 19.
Children of PRON nodes are attached using 26 different relations: case (523; 17% instances), punct (484; 16% instances), advmod (456; 15% instances), nmod (218; 7% instances), acl:relcl (208; 7% instances), det (175; 6% instances), acl (166; 5% instances), conj (153; 5% instances), cop (147; 5% instances), nsubj:cop (142; 5% instances), cc (129; 4% instances), amod (90; 3% instances), mark (63; 2% instances), parataxis (37; 1% instances), advcl (26; 1% instances), dep (25; 1% instances), appos (21; 1% instances), discourse (13; 0% instances), cc:preconj (8; 0% instances), nmod:poss (7; 0% instances), vocative (7; 0% instances), nsubj (5; 0% instances), dobj (4; 0% instances), xcomp (4; 0% instances), compound:prt (1; 0% instances), csubj:cop (1; 0% instances)
Children of PRON nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (556; 18% instances), ADP (523; 17% instances), ADV (491; 16% instances), PUNCT (484; 16% instances), PRON (338; 11% instances), NOUN (332; 11% instances), ADJ (149; 5% instances), CONJ (129; 4% instances), PROPN (49; 2% instances), SCONJ (49; 2% instances), INTJ (13; 0% instances)
PRON in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]