case

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`case`: case marking

case: case marking

The case relation is used to annotate prepositions and postpositions. Case-marking elements (i.e. adpositions) are treated as dependents of the noun they attach to.



  
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Rüütel läks lossi juurde .
nsubj(läks-2, Rüütel-1)
nmod(läks-2, lossi-3)
case(lossi-3, juurde-4)
punct(läks-2, .-5)
{
    "text": "Rüütel läks lossi juurde . ",
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-1-T1", "token", [ [ 0, 6 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T2", "token", [ [ 7, 11 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T3", "token", [ [ 12, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T4", "token", [ [ 18, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-T5", "token", [ [ 25, 26 ] ] ]
    ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-1-R1", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R2", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R3", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-1-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-1-T5" ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [],
    "error": false,
    "sentlabels": [ "1" ]
}

Knight went near the castle.

Treebank Statistics (UD_Estonian)

This relation is universal.

4967 nodes (2%) are attached to their parents as case.

3941 instances of case (79%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child). Average distance between parent and child is 1.31165693577612.

The following 9 pairs of parts of speech are connected with case: NOUN-ADP (3999; 81% instances), PRON-ADP (523; 11% instances), PROPN-ADP (268; 5% instances), NUM-ADP (100; 2% instances), ADJ-ADP (63; 1% instances), VERB-ADP (6; 0% instances), PROPN-PROPN (4; 0% instances), ADV-ADP (3; 0% instances), ADP-ADP (1; 0% instances).



  
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# visual-style 4	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 4	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 5	fgColor:white
# visual-style 5 4 case	color:blue
1	Ernesaks	Ernesaks	PROPN	S	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	libistas	libistama	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
3	pilgu	pilk	NOUN	S	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	2	dobj	_	_
4	üle	üle	ADP	K	AdpType=Post	5	case	_	_
5	toa	tuba	NOUN	S	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	.	.	PUNCT	Z	_	2	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "PROPN", [ [ 0, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "VERB", [ [ 9, 17 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "NOUN", [ [ 18, 23 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "ADP", [ [ 24, 27 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "NOUN", [ [ 28, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "PUNCT", [ [ 32, 33 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T1", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A2", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T1", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A3", "Mood", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A4", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A5", "Person", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "3" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A6", "Tense", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "Past" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A7", "VerbForm", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A8", "Voice", "embedded-2-S1-T2", "Act" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A9", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "Gen" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A10", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T3", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A11", "AdpType", "embedded-2-S1-T4", "Post" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A12", "Case", "embedded-2-S1-T5", "Gen" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-A13", "Number", "embedded-2-S1-T5", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R0", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R1", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R2", "dobj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R3", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T5" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R4", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-2-S1-R5", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-2-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-2-S1-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: Ernesaks" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: S" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: libistama" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: V" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: pilk" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: S" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: üle" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: K" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: tuba" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: S" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Z" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T4", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-2-S1-T5", "embedded-2-S1-T4", "case" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "2" ],
    "text": "Ernesaks libistas pilgu üle toa .",
    "error": false
}



  
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# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 1	fgColor:white
# visual-style 1 2 case	color:blue
1	Tema	tema	PRON	P	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
2	ees	ees	ADP	K	AdpType=Post	1	case	_	_
3	seisis	seisma	VERB	V	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act	0	root	_	_
4	kääbus	kääbus	NOUN	S	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	Z	_	8	punct	_	_
6	seljas	selg	NOUN	S	Case=Ine|Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
7	tilluke	tilluke	ADJ	A	Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Number=Sing	8	amod	_	_
8	raudrüü	raud_rüü	NOUN	S	Case=Nom|Number=Sing	3	advcl	_	_
9	.	.	PUNCT	Z	_	3	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "PRON", [ [ 0, 4 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "ADP", [ [ 5, 8 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "VERB", [ [ 9, 15 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "NOUN", [ [ 16, 22 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "PUNCT", [ [ 23, 24 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "NOUN", [ [ 25, 31 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "ADJ", [ [ 32, 39 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "NOUN", [ [ 40, 47 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-T9", "PUNCT", [ [ 48, 49 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-A1", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Gen" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A2", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A3", "Person", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "3" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A4", "PronType", "embedded-3-S1-T1", "Prs" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A5", "AdpType", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "Post" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A6", "Mood", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Ind" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A7", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A8", "Person", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "3" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A9", "Tense", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Past" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A10", "VerbForm", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Fin" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A11", "Voice", "embedded-3-S1-T3", "Act" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A12", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A13", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T4", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A14", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T6", "Ine" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A15", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T6", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A16", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T7", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A17", "Degree", "embedded-3-S1-T7", "Pos" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A18", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T7", "Sing" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A19", "Case", "embedded-3-S1-T8", "Nom" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-A20", "Number", "embedded-3-S1-T8", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R0", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T1" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R2", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R3", "nsubj", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R5", "nmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T6" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R6", "amod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T8" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T7" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R7", "advcl", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T8" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-3-S1-R8", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-3-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-3-S1-T9" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: tema" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: P" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ees" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: K" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: seisma" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: V" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: kääbus" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: S" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ," ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Z" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: selg" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: S" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: tilluke" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T7", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: A" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: raud_rüü" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T8", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: S" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T9", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Z" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-3-S1-T1", "embedded-3-S1-T2", "case" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "3" ],
    "text": "Tema ees seisis kääbus , seljas tilluke raudrüü .",
    "error": false
}



  
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# visual-style 2	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 2	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3	bgColor:blue
# visual-style 3	fgColor:white
# visual-style 3 2 case	color:blue
1	Ja	ja	CONJ	J	_	3	cc	_	_
2	läbi	läbi	ADP	K	AdpType=Prep	3	case	_	_
3	Eesti	Eesti	PROPN	S	Case=Gen|Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	ka	ka	ADV	D	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	.	.	PUNCT	Z	_	3	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	Z	_	3	punct	_	_
{
    "entities": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "CONJ", [ [ 0, 2 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "ADP", [ [ 3, 7 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "PROPN", [ [ 8, 13 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "ADV", [ [ 14, 16 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "PUNCT", [ [ 17, 18 ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "PUNCT", [ [ 19, 20 ] ] ]
    ],
    "attributes": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-A1", "AdpType", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "Prep" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A2", "Case", "embedded-4-S1-T3", "Gen" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-A3", "Number", "embedded-4-S1-T3", "Sing" ] ],
    "relations": [
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R0", "cc", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T1" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R1", "case", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R2", "root", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T0" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R3", "advmod", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T2" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T4" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R4", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T5" ] ] ],
        [ "embedded-4-S1-R5", "punct", [ [ "arg1", "embedded-4-S1-T3" ], [ "arg2", "embedded-4-S1-T6" ] ] ]
    ],
    "comments": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ja" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T1", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: J" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: läbi" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: K" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: Eesti" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: S" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ka" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T4", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: D" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: ." ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T5", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Z" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Lemma: \"" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T6", "AnnotatorNotes", "Xpostag: Z" ] ],
    "styles": [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T2", "fgColor", "white" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "bgColor", "blue" ], [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "fgColor", "white" ], [ [ "embedded-4-S1-T3", "embedded-4-S1-T2", "case" ], "color", "blue" ] ],
    "sentlabels": [ "4" ],
    "text": "Ja läbi Eesti ka . \"",
    "error": false
}

case in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]