AUX: auxiliary verb
Definition
An auxiliary verb is a verb that accompanies the lexical verb of a verb phrase and expresses grammatical distinctions not carried by the lexical verb, such as person, number, tense, mood and voice.
In Estonian UD, auxiliaries are:
olema ‘be’ and in rare occasions saama ‘get’ are auxiliaries that form periphrastic tense forms;
modal verbs are võima, tohtima ‘may’, saama ‘can’, pidama ‘must’, näima ‘seem’, paistma ‘seem’, tunduma ‘seem’;
ei and ära ‘not’ in negative verb forms.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Estonian)
There are 16 AUX lemmas (0%), 121 AUX types (0%) and 6294 AUX tokens (3%).
Out of 15 observed tags, the rank of AUX is: 13 in number of lemmas, 9 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent AUX lemmas: olema, ei, võima, pidama, saama, tohtima, ole, ära, saa, näima
The 10 most frequent AUX types: ei, on, oli, võib, pole, peaks, peab, saab, oleks, saa
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: olema (VERB 6427, AUX 2444), ei (AUX 2211, ADV 97, NOUN 3), võima (AUX 582, VERB 13), pidama (AUX 525, VERB 239), saama (VERB 783, AUX 360), ole (VERB 65, AUX 44), ära (ADV 296, AUX 34), saa (AUX 9, VERB 9), näima (VERB 19, AUX 8), pida (AUX 6, VERB 5)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: ei (AUX 2128, ADV 46, NOUN 2), on (VERB 3459, AUX 1397), oli (VERB 825, AUX 309), võib (AUX 287, VERB 2), pole (VERB 383, AUX 174), peaks (AUX 159, VERB 6), peab (AUX 125, VERB 29), saab (VERB 134, AUX 122), oleks (VERB 150, AUX 119), saa (AUX 114, VERB 57)
- ei
- on
- oli
- võib
- pole
- peaks
- peab
- saab
- oleks
- saa
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of AUX is 7.562500 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.839644).
The 1st highest number of forms (32) was observed with the lemma “olema”: oldi, ole, oled, olegi, oleks, oleksid, oleksime, oleksin, olekski, olema, oleme, olen, olete, olevat, olgu, oli, olid, oligi, olime, olin, olla, ollakse, olles, olnud, on, ongi, pole, polegi, poleks, polekski, polevat, polnud.
The 2nd highest number of forms (24) was observed with the lemma “saama”: saa, saab, saabki, saad, saada, saagi, saaks, saaksid, saaksime, saaksite, saama, saame, saan, saand, saanud, saanudki, saanuks, saate, saavad, saavat, sai, said, saime, sain.
The 3rd highest number of forms (23) was observed with the lemma “pidama”: pea, peab, peabki, pead, peagi, peaks, peaksid, peaksime, peaksin, peakski, peame, pean, peate, peavad, pidada, pidanud, pidanuks, pidavat, pidi, pidid, pidigi, pidime, pidin.
AUX occurs with 9 features: VerbForm (6294; 100% instances), Mood (6222; 99% instances), Voice (4066; 65% instances), Tense (4057; 64% instances), Number (3046; 48% instances), Person (3046; 48% instances), Negative (2447; 39% instances), Connegative (341; 5% instances), Case (9; 0% instances)
AUX occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Case=Ill, Connegative=Yes, Mood=Cnd, Mood=Imp, Mood=Ind, Mood=Qot, Negative=Neg, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Tense=Imp, Tense=Past, Tense=Pres, VerbForm=Fin, VerbForm=Ger, VerbForm=Inf, VerbForm=Part, VerbForm=Sup, Voice=Act, Voice=Pass
AUX occurs with 50 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|VerbForm=Fin (2070 tokens).
Examples: ei
Relations
AUX nodes are attached to their parents using 5 different relations: aux (4041; 64% instances), neg (2245; 36% instances), auxpass (6; 0% instances), compound (1; 0% instances), root (1; 0% instances)
Parents of AUX nodes belong to 5 different parts of speech: VERB (5989; 95% instances), AUX (301; 5% instances), NOUN (2; 0% instances), ADJ (1; 0% instances), ROOT (1; 0% instances)
5901 (94%) AUX nodes are leaves.
356 (6%) AUX nodes have one child.
28 (0%) AUX nodes have two children.
9 (0%) AUX nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a AUX node is 4.
Children of AUX nodes are attached using 16 different relations: neg (301; 68% instances), nsubj (30; 7% instances), nmod (22; 5% instances), mark (21; 5% instances), punct (21; 5% instances), dobj (18; 4% instances), advmod (14; 3% instances), cc (4; 1% instances), conj (3; 1% instances), advcl (2; 0% instances), amod (1; 0% instances), compound (1; 0% instances), compound:prt (1; 0% instances), csubj (1; 0% instances), parataxis (1; 0% instances), xcomp (1; 0% instances)
Children of AUX nodes belong to 12 different parts of speech: AUX (301; 68% instances), NOUN (56; 13% instances), PUNCT (21; 5% instances), SCONJ (20; 5% instances), ADV (17; 4% instances), PROPN (8; 2% instances), PRON (7; 2% instances), CONJ (4; 1% instances), VERB (4; 1% instances), ADJ (2; 0% instances), NUM (1; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
AUX in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]