This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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Tense: tense

Tense

Tense is a feature that specifies the time when the action took / takes / will take place, in relation to the current moment or to another action in the utterance. In Bulgarian aspect and tense are separate, although not completely independent of each other.

In Bulgarian there are 9 tenses: 3 synthetic and 6 analytic.

Since the feature Tense is assigned to a single word, i.e. it relates to synthetic forms, in Bulgarian it is applicable to only 3 tenses: Present, Aorist and Imperfect.

Past: past tense / preterite / aorist

The past tense denotes actions that happened before the current moment. In Bulgarian, this is aorist. It can be used with both imperfective and perfective verbs.

Examples

Pres: present tense

The present tense denotes actions that are happening right now, that are crossing the moment of speaking or that usually happen. In Bulgarian present tense has a lot of usages: for actual activities (where the perfective verbs are blocked); for historical events, for habitual activities, etc.

Examples

Imp: imperfect

Imperfect is a special case of the past tense. It denotes actions that are happening during some past moment. These actions might continue after the moment of speaking, but also might not, i.e. the evidence is not in the form itself, but it is in the context. Both verbs - perfective and imperfective - are used in imperfect tense.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 3 different values: Imp, Past, Pres.

20091 tokens (13%) have a non-empty value of Tense. 6395 types (24%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. 2680 lemmas (18%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: bg-pos/VERB (17666; 11% instances), bg-pos/AUX (1906; 1% instances), bg-pos/ADJ (519; 0% instances).

VERB

17666 bg-pos/VERB tokens (90% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Voice=Act (17634; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (16099; 91%), Definite=EMPTY (16099; 91%), Mood=Ind (16067; 91%), Person=3 (13482; 76%), Number=Sing (12476; 71%), Aspect=Imp (10581; 60%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:

Paradigm могаPresPastImp
Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Partмогълможел
Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Partмогламожела
Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Partмогломожело
Definite=Ind|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Partмоглиможели
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Finмогаможахможех
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Finможеш
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Finможеможаможеше
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=FinможемМожехме
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Finможете
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Finмогатможахаможеха

AUX

1906 bg-pos/AUX tokens (94% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: Voice=Act (1906; 100%), Mood=Ind (1787; 94%), VerbForm=Fin (1787; 94%), Aspect=Imp (1658; 87%), Person=3 (1610; 84%), Number=Sing (1277; 67%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:

Paradigm съмPresPast
Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Partбил
Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Partбила
Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Partбило
Definite=Ind|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Partбили
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Finсъмбях
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Finсибеше
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Finебе, беше
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Finсмебяхме
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Finсте
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Finсабяха

ADJ

519 bg-pos/ADJ tokens (4% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Tense co-occurred: VerbForm=Part (519; 100%), Voice=Act (519; 100%), Degree=EMPTY (357; 69%), Definite=Def (321; 62%), Aspect=Imp (315; 61%), Number=Sing (306; 59%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of Tense:

Paradigm присъствамPresPast
Definite=Def|Degree=Pos|Number=Plurприсъстващите
Definite=Def|Number=Plurприсъстващите
Definite=Ind|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Singприсъствал
Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Singприсъстващ

Tense seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 99% lemmas (214) occur only with one value of Tense.

Relations with Agreement in Tense

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1299; 78%), VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (1183; 52%), VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (779; 61%), VERB –[xcomp]–> VERB (253; 56%), VERB –[csubj]–> VERB (145; 68%), VERB –[dobj]–> VERB (125; 62%), VERB –[nsubj]–> VERB (3; 100%), VERB –[acl]–> VERB (1; 100%), VERB –[iobj]–> VERB (1; 100%).


Tense in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]