This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.
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VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative

Even though the name of the feature seems to suggest that it is used exclusively with verbs, it is not the case. Some verb forms in some languages actually form a gray zone between verbs and other parts of speech (nouns, adjectives and adverbs). For instance, participles may be either classified as verbs or as adjectives, depending on language and context. In both cases VerbForm=Part may be used to separate them from other verb forms or other types of adjectives.

Bulgarian does not have an infinitive. It distinguishes: finite verbs and non-finite verbs (participles and transgressives).

Fin: finite verb

Rule of thumb: if it has non-empty Mood, it is finite. This features is encoded in the following values as second position in verbal tags: Vp# (personal verb); Vn# (impersonal verb); Vx#, Vy# and Vi# (auxiliary verbs).

Examples

Part: participle

Participle is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adjectives. The participle in Bulgarian is encoded as c in fifth position of the tag: V#c#.

In Bulgarian there are four types of participles: present active, past perfective active, past imperfective active, past passive. The present active one can be used only adjectively; the past imperfective one can be used only in evidential verb forms; the other have the two usages. The present active can be derived only from imperfective verbs.

Examples

Trans: transgressive

The transgressive, also called adverbial participle, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs. It appears e.g. in Slavic and Indo-Aryan languages.

In Bulgarian it can be derived only from imperfective verbs.

Examples

Note that the symbol `#’, used in the Universal POS section indicates a holder for arbitrary number of features, suppressed in the respective tag as irrelevant in the BulTreeBank tagset, when mapped to the Universal one.


Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 2 different values: Fin, Part.

22856 tokens (15%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm. 7944 types (30%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. 2968 lemmas (20%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: bg-pos/VERB (19376; 12% instances), bg-pos/AUX (2008; 1% instances), bg-pos/ADJ (1472; 1% instances).

VERB

19376 bg-pos/VERB tokens (99% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Voice=Act (18025; 93%), Definite=EMPTY (16611; 86%), Mood=Ind (16458; 85%), Person=3 (13729; 71%), Number=Sing (13660; 70%), Tense=Pres (11733; 61%), Aspect=Imp (11178; 58%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

Paradigm съмFinPart
Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Voice=Actбил
Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Voice=Actбила
Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Voice=Actбило
Definite=Ind|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Voice=Actбили
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pastби
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actсъм
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Voice=Actбях
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actси
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actе
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Voice=Actбеше, бе
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actсме
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actсте
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Voice=Actбяхте
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actса
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Voice=Actбяха

AUX

2008 bg-pos/AUX tokens (99% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Voice=Act (1906; 95%), Mood=Ind (1787; 89%), Aspect=Imp (1760; 88%), Person=3 (1667; 83%), Tense=Pres (1384; 69%), Number=Sing (1363; 68%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

Paradigm съмFinPart
Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Actбил
Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Actбила
Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Actбило
Definite=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Actбили
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=1бих
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=2Би
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Person=3би
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=1бихме
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=2бихте
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Person=3биха
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Actбях
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actсъм
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|Voice=Actбеше
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actси
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Actбе, беше
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actе
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Actбяхме
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actсме
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actсте
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Actбяха
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Actса

ADJ

1472 bg-pos/ADJ tokens (11% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and VerbForm co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (1113; 76%), Aspect=Perf (1047; 71%), Voice=Pass (953; 65%), Number=Sing (839; 57%), Definite=Ind (808; 55%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

VerbForm seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (672) occur only with one value of VerbForm.

Relations with Agreement in VerbForm

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm: VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (1745; 77%), VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1526; 88%), VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (1085; 84%), VERB –[xcomp]–> VERB (396; 87%), VERB –[csubj]–> VERB (181; 84%), VERB –[dobj]–> VERB (167; 83%), VERB –[nmod]–> VERB (67; 83%), VERB –[csubjpass]–> VERB (36; 60%), VERB –[mwe]–> VERB (28; 100%), VERB –[nsubj]–> VERB (3; 100%).


VerbForm in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]