Degree: degree of comparison
Degree of comparison is typically an inflectional feature of some adjectives and adverbs.
In Bulgarian the comparative and superlative forms are created with the help of
the particles по / po “more” and най / nay “most”, which are part of the word and come in preposition,
separated by a defice.
Pos: positive, first degree
This is the base form that merely states a quality of something, without comparing it to qualities of others. Note that although this degree is traditionally called “positive”, negative properties can be compared, too.
Examples
- удобен стол / udoben stol “a comfortable chair”
- млад човек / mlad chovek “a young man”
Cmp: comparative, second degree
The quality of one object is compared to the same quality of another object.
Examples
- Моят стол е по-удобен от твоя / Moyat stol e po-udoben ot tvoya “My chair is more comfortable than yours”
- Брат ми е по-млад от мен / Brat mi e po-mlad ot men “My brother is younger than me”
Sup: superlative, third degree
The quality of one object is compared to the same quality of all other objects within a set.
Examples
- Този стол е най-удобният от всички / Tozi stol e nay-udobniyat ot vsichki “This chair is the most comfortable of all”
- Той е най-младият учител в училището / Toy e nay-mladiyat uchitel v uchilishteto “He is the youngest teacher in the school”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Bulgarian)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: Cmp, Pos, Sup.
13866 tokens (9%) have a non-empty value of Degree.
6406 types (24%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Degree.
3115 lemmas (21%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Degree.
The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: bg-pos/ADJ (11557; 7% instances), bg-pos/ADV (2304; 1% instances), bg-pos/VERB (3; 0% instances), bg-pos/PROPN (2; 0% instances).
ADJ
11557 bg-pos/ADJ tokens (85% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Degree co-occurred: Aspect=EMPTY (11198; 97%), Voice=EMPTY (11198; 97%), VerbForm=EMPTY (11198; 97%), Number=Sing (8156; 71%), Definite=Ind (6221; 54%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(207; 2% of non-emptyDegree): по-голяма, по-голямата, по-голямо, по-големи, по-голям, по-висок, по-големите, по-нататъшно, по-широка, по-бедниPos(11110; 96% of non-emptyDegree): народното, други, българската, нова, другите, нови, друг, последните, цялата, европейскатаSup(240; 2% of non-emptyDegree): най-добрият, най-големите, най-добрите, най-голям, най-големи, най-важното, най-важната, най-голяма, най-доброто, най-добърEMPTY(2032): 2000, 2001, миналата, първата, първите, 1, следващата, втори, въоръжените, първи
| Paradigm голям | Pos | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | големият, големия | по-големия | най-големия, най-големият |
| Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | голямата | по-голямата | най-голямата |
| Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | по-голямото | най-голямото | |
| Definite=Def|Number=Plur | големите | по-големите | най-големите |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | голям | по-голям | най-голям |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | голяма | по-голяма | най-голяма |
| Definite=Ind|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | голямо | по-голямо | най-голямо |
| Definite=Ind|Number=Plur | големи | по-големи | най-големи |
Degree seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 95% lemmas (2447) occur only with one value of Degree.
ADV
2304 bg-pos/ADV tokens (35% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and Degree co-occurred: PronType=EMPTY (2303; 100%).
ADV tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(134; 6% of non-emptyDegree): по-късно, по-добре, по-малко, по-рано, по-скоро, по-бързо, по-лесно, по-силно, по-трудно, по-честоPos(2070; 90% of non-emptyDegree): също, още, добре, вече, ясно, вчера, само, наистина, все, честоSup(100; 4% of non-emptyDegree): най-вече, най-сетне, най-често, най-добре, най-много, най-после, най-вероятно, най-малко, най-късно, най-напредEMPTY(4254): много, когато, още, вчера, само, защото, обаче, вече, как, така
| Paradigm много | Pos | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|---|
| _ | много | по-много | най-много |
| Definite=Ind|Number=Plur|NumType=Card | много | най-много |
Degree seems to be lexical feature of ADV. 93% lemmas (516) occur only with one value of Degree.
VERB
3 bg-pos/VERB tokens (0% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Degree co-occurred: VerbForm=Part (3; 100%), Person=EMPTY (3; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (3; 100%), Number=Plur (2; 67%), Aspect=Perf (2; 67%), Tense=Past (2; 67%), Definite=Ind (2; 67%), Voice=Act (2; 67%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(2; 67% of non-emptyDegree): по-напреднали, по-проточенPos(1; 33% of non-emptyDegree): останалитеEMPTY(19549): е, са, има, няма, може, трябва, беше, каза, могат, съобщи
PROPN
2 bg-pos/PROPN tokens (0% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Degree co-occurred: Definite=Ind (2; 100%), Number=Sing (2; 100%).
PROPN tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Pos(2; 100% of non-emptyDegree): Велико, ГолямаEMPTY(8426): България, София, Иван, ЕС, Европа, СДС, Петър, Стоянов, Костов, Георги
Relations with Agreement in Degree
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Degree:
ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (283; 85%),
ADV –[conj]–> ADV (30; 79%),
ADV –[nmod]–> ADJ (3; 75%),
ADV –[mwe]–> ADV (2; 100%),
ADJ –[nmod]–> ADJ (2; 67%),
ADJ –[csubj]–> ADJ (2; 67%),
ADJ –[amod]–> ADJ (1; 100%),
ADJ –[advcl]–> ADJ (1; 100%),
ADV –[advcl]–> ADJ (1; 100%),
ADJ –[remnant]–> ADJ (1; 100%).
Degree in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]