Tense: tense
Tense is a feature that specifies the time when the action took / takes / will take place, in relation to the current moment or to another action in the utterance.
Past: past tense
The past tense denotes actions that happened before the current moment. Past tense in Czech consists of the past participle (also called active participle or l-participle), which is accompanied by a present auxiliary verb in the first and second persons, and stands alone in the third person.
The auxiliary (if any) is in its present form, so it will have Tense=Pres.
The participle has Tense=Past, even though it can also be used to form present conditional.
Examples
- Šel jsem domů. “I have gone home.”
- Šel jsi domů. “You have gone home.”
- Šel domů. “He has gone home.”
Pres: present tense
The present tense denotes actions that are happening right now or that usually happen.
Note that morphologically present forms of perfective verbs have actually a future meaning
but they will still be marked Tense=Pres.
Examples
- Přicházím domů. “I come / am coming home.” (Přicházet is an imperfective verb.)
- Přijdu domů. “I will come home.” (Přijít is a perfective verb.)
- Jdu domů. “I go / am going home.” (Jít is an imperfective verb.)
Fut: future tense
The future tense denotes actions that will happen after the current moment. Future tense in Czech is formed in one of three ways, depending of the verb:
- Present forms of perfective verbs have future meaning. These forms are tagged
Tense=Pres, notTense=Fut(see above). - The verb být “to be” has a set of distinct future forms. They combine a future stem bud with present suffixes.
A small set of verbs (mostly motion verbs) have also future forms. These are formed as the present form (present stem and suffix)
with the prefix po-.
Although these forms are morphologically very close to the present forms, they are tagged
Tense=Futbecause the same lemma has also present forms and the feature must distinguish the two. - The remaining imperfective verbs have periphrastic future forms, consiting of the future form of the auxiliary být,
and the infinitive of the content verb. Only the auxiliary will have
Tense=Fut, while there will be no tense information at the infinitive.
Examples
- Půjdu domů. “I will go home.” (Jít is an imperfective verb, phonological rule transformed the prefix po- to pů-.)
- Budu přicházet domů. “I will be coming home.” (Přicházet is an imperfective verb and it forms future periphrastically.)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: Fut, Past, Pres.
145264 tokens (10%) have a non-empty value of Tense.
21499 types (17%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
6013 lemmas (10%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (129620; 9% instances), cs-pos/AUX (11146; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ (4498; 0% instances).
VERB
129620 cs-pos/VERB tokens (78% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Voice=Act (129620; 100%), Negative=Pos (115644; 89%), Number=Sing (84562; 65%), Gender=EMPTY (75751; 58%), VerbForm=Fin (75729; 58%), Mood=Ind (75729; 58%), Person=3 (68131; 53%), Aspect=EMPTY (65264; 50%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Fut(1558; 1% of non-emptyTense): bude, budou, nebude, půjde, nebudou, nepůjde, budeme, pojede, půjdou, buduPast(53733; 41% of non-emptyTense): byl, bylo, řekl, měl, byla, měla, uvedl, měli, mělo, bylyPres(74329; 57% of non-emptyTense): je, jsou, má, není, může, mají, musí, jde, lze, mohouEMPTY(36014): být, mít, získat, stát, hrát, říci, platit, muset, dělat, dostat
| Paradigm být | Pres | Fut | Past |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abbr=Yes|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | j | ||
| Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | nebyli | ||
| Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byli | ||
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | nebyly | ||
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byly | ||
| Aspect=Imp|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Trans | jsa | ||
| Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Trans | jsouc | ||
| Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Trans | jsouce | ||
| Foreign=Foreign|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | bolo | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyl | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | byl | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyla | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | byla | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebylo | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | bylo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | nejsem | nebudu | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | nebudeš | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin | Není | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | není | nebude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | nejsme | nebudeme | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | nejste | nebudete | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin | nésó | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | nejsou | nebudou | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | jsem | budu | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Fin | si | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | jsi | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin | jest | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | je | bude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | jsme | budeme | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | jste | budete | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | jsou | budou |
AUX
11146 cs-pos/AUX tokens (54% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: Voice=Act (11146; 100%), Negative=Pos (10350; 93%), Gender=EMPTY (7894; 71%), Mood=Ind (7893; 71%), VerbForm=Fin (7893; 71%), Number=Sing (6212; 56%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Fut(3550; 32% of non-emptyTense): bude, budou, nebude, budeme, nebudou, budu, nebudeme, budete, nebudu, nebudetePast(3252; 29% of non-emptyTense): byl, byla, bylo, byly, byli, nebyl, nebyla, nebyly, nebylo, nebyliPres(4344; 39% of non-emptyTense): jsem, jsme, je, jsou, jste, není, nejsou, bývá, bývají, jsiEMPTY(9649): by, být, bychom, bych, byste, budiž, bys, býti
| Paradigm být | Pres | Fut | Past |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | nebyli | ||
| Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byli | ||
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | nebyly | ||
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byly | ||
| Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Trans | jsouce | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyl | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | byl | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyla | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | byla | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebylo | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | bylo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | nebudu | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | Nebudeš | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | není | nebude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | nejsme | nebudeme | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | nebudete | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | nejsou | nebudou | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | jsem | budu | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Fin | si | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | jsi | budeš | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | je | bude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Fin | budem | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | jsme | budeme | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | jste | budete | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | jsou | budou |
ADJ
4498 cs-pos/ADJ tokens (2% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Tense co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (4498; 100%), Negative=Pos (4367; 97%), Number=Sing (2627; 58%), Gender=Masc (2336; 52%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Past(17; 0% of non-emptyTense): odstoupivšího, byvší, doloživší, nastavší, ocitnuvšího, odstoupivších, provinivšího, předčivší, přeživšího, vyskytnuvšíPres(4481; 100% of non-emptyTense): rozhodující, vedoucí, následující, vynikající, týkající, odpovídající, rostoucí, žijící, kupující, následujícíchEMPTY(176313): první, další, české, nové, druhé, poslední, státní, dalších, možné, vlastní
Tense seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (940) occur only with one value of Tense.
Relations with Agreement in Tense
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (10845; 73%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (3770; 57%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (126; 70%),
VERB –[advmod]–> VERB (12; 52%),
VERB –[mark]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: Fut, Past, Pres.
46198 tokens (9%) have a non-empty value of Tense.
10592 types (17%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
3809 lemmas (13%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (40213; 8% instances), cs-pos/AUX (3842; 1% instances), cs-pos/ADJ (2143; 0% instances).
VERB
40213 cs-pos/VERB tokens (76% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Voice=Act (40213; 100%), Negative=Pos (36662; 91%), Gender=EMPTY (28513; 71%), VerbForm=Fin (28504; 71%), Mood=Ind (28504; 71%), Person=3 (24928; 62%), Number=Sing (24513; 61%), Aspect=EMPTY (20785; 52%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Fut(373; 1% of non-emptyTense): bude, budou, nebude, půjde, budu, nebudu, pojedu, půjdou, Nepůjde, PojedePast(11666; 29% of non-emptyTense): bylo, byl, byla, byly, měl, měla, byli, mohli, mohl, došloPres(28174; 70% of non-emptyTense): je, jsou, má, není, mají, musí, může, jde, lze, mohouEMPTY(12730): být, mít, zajistit, říci, vidět, dělat, řešit, věnovat, řečeno, použít
| Paradigm být | Pres | Fut | Past |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | nebyli | ||
| Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byli | ||
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | nebyly | ||
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byly | ||
| Aspect=Imp|Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Trans | jsouc | ||
| Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Trans | jsouce | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyl | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | byl | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyla | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | byla | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebylo | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | bylo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | nejsem | nebudu | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | není | nebude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | nejsme | nebudeme | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | nejste | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | nejsou | nebudou | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | jsem | budu | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Coll|VerbForm=Fin | seš | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | jsi | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin | jest | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | je | bude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | jsme | budeme | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | jste | budete | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | jsou | budou |
AUX
3842 cs-pos/AUX tokens (62% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: Voice=Act (3842; 100%), Negative=Pos (3647; 95%), Gender=EMPTY (2529; 66%), Mood=Ind (2528; 66%), VerbForm=Fin (2528; 66%), Number=Sing (2018; 53%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Fut(843; 22% of non-emptyTense): bude, budou, budeme, nebudou, nebude, budu, budete, nebudeme, nebudete, nebuduPast(1314; 34% of non-emptyTense): bylo, byla, byl, byly, byli, nebyly, nebyl, nebyla, nebylo, bývalPres(1685; 44% of non-emptyTense): je, jsme, jsem, jsou, jste, není, nejsou, bývá, jsi, bývajíEMPTY(2315): by, být, bychom, bych, byste, býti, budiž, bys
| Paradigm být | Pres | Fut | Past |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byli | ||
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | nebyly | ||
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byly | ||
| Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Trans | byvše | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyl | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | byl | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyla | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | byla | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebylo | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | bylo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | nebudu | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | nebudeš | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | není | nebude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | nebudeme | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | nebudete | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | nejsou | nebudou | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | jsem | budu | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | jsi, si | budeš | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | je | bude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|VerbForm=Fin | jsme | budeme | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin | jste | budete | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | jsou | budou |
ADJ
2143 cs-pos/ADJ tokens (3% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Tense co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (2143; 100%), Negative=Pos (2112; 99%), Number=Sing (1119; 52%), Gender=Masc (1095; 51%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Past(2; 0% of non-emptyTense): nastoupivšími, rozpadnuvšíPres(2141; 100% of non-emptyTense): pracujících, rozhodující, pracující, vedoucí, odpovídající, následující, řídící, týkající, vyplývající, rostoucíEMPTY(68385): další, pracovní, první, jednotlivých, základní, nové, možno, socialistické, různých, každý
Tense seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (539) occur only with one value of Tense.
Relations with Agreement in Tense
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (4301; 78%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (1181; 55%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (22; 81%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: Fut, Past, Pres.
2327 tokens (7%) have a non-empty value of Tense.
502 types (11%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
294 lemmas (11%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Tense.
The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: cs-pos/VERB (1930; 5% instances), cs-pos/ADJ (288; 1% instances), cs-pos/AUX (109; 0% instances).
VERB
1930 cs-pos/VERB tokens (77% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Tense co-occurred: Voice=Act (1930; 100%), Gender=EMPTY (1806; 94%), VerbForm=Fin (1806; 94%), Person=3 (1806; 94%), Mood=Ind (1806; 94%), Negative=Pos (1678; 87%), Number=Sing (1230; 64%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Fut(4; 0% of non-emptyTense): bude, budouPast(123; 6% of non-emptyTense): došlo, přestaly, bylo, nabyla, určila, nastaly, staly, překročila, sestavila, stanovilaPres(1803; 93% of non-emptyTense): je, jsou, obsahuje, rozumí, může, uvede, mohou, není, nejsou, použijíEMPTY(587): vést, použít, stanoveno, být, mít, účtovat, odpisovat, uvést, sestavena, sestavit
| Paradigm být | Pres | Fut | Past |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byly | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyla | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | bylo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | nejsou | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | je, není | bude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | jsou | budou |
ADJ
288 cs-pos/ADJ tokens (4% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Tense co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (288; 100%), Negative=Pos (286; 99%), Number=Sing (177; 61%), Animacy=EMPTY (172; 60%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Pres(288; 100% of non-emptyTense): konsolidující, zanikající, následujícího, související, předcházejícímu, týkající, přejímající, předcházející, souvisejících, řídícíchEMPTY(6251): účetní, účetních, účetního, konsolidované, finanční, účetním, povinny, výroční, právní, jiných
Tense seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 100% lemmas (50) occur only with one value of Tense.
AUX
109 cs-pos/AUX tokens (64% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Tense.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Tense co-occurred: Voice=Act (109; 100%), Negative=Pos (86; 79%), Animacy=EMPTY (84; 77%), VerbForm=Fin (58; 53%), Person=3 (58; 53%), Mood=Ind (58; 53%), Gender=EMPTY (58; 53%), Number=Plur (57; 52%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Tense:
Fut(18; 17% of non-emptyTense): bude, budouPast(51; 47% of non-emptyTense): byly, byl, nebyly, byla, bylo, nebyl, nebylaPres(40; 37% of non-emptyTense): je, nejsou, jsou, neníEMPTY(61): být, by
| Paradigm být | Pres | Fut | Past |
|---|---|---|---|
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | nebyly | ||
| Animacy=Inan|Gender=Fem,Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part | byly | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyl | ||
| Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | byl | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | nebyla | ||
| Gender=Fem,Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur,Sing|VerbForm=Part | byla | ||
| Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part | bylo | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | nejsou | ||
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | je, není | bude | |
| Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin | jsou | budou |
Relations with Agreement in Tense
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Tense:
VERB –[conj]–> VERB (182; 83%),
VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (59; 58%),
VERB –[parataxis]–> VERB (27; 87%),
VERB –[appos]–> VERB (1; 100%),
VERB –[csubjpass]–> VERB (1; 100%).
Tense in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]