orphan: orphan
The orphan relation is used in cases of head ellipsis where simple promotion would result in an unnatural and misleading dependency relation. The typical case is predicate ellipsis where one of the core arguments has to be promoted to clausal head (a subject, object, or adjunct).
No , H. ni prevzel od Anglosasov ničesar , pač pa Anglosasi nekaj od H. \n Well , H. did-not take from Anglo-Saxons anything , but CONJ Anglo-Saxons something from H.
conj(prevzel,Anglosasi)
cc(Anglosasi,pač)
orphan(Anglosasi,nekaj)
orphan(Anglosasi,H.-15)
conj(take,Anglo-Saxons-28)
cc(Anglo-Saxons-28,but)
orphan(Anglo-Saxons-28,something)
orphan(Anglo-Saxons-28,H.-31)
If there was no ellipsis in the second clause of the above example (pač pa so Anglosasi nekaj prevzeli od H.), nekaj would be marked as the direct object (obj) and od H. as an oblique argument of the predicate (obl). Since it would be misleading to mark these elements as dependents of the promoted head Anglosasi via the obj and obl relations, it is instead better to mark them with the orphan relation.
The orphan relation is currently also used for the unfinished words or phrases at the end of an unfinished clause which are not followed by a direct repair.
ja to pa bova z- \n yes this PART we-will speci-
discourse(bova,ja)
obj(bova,to)
advmod(bova,pa)
orphan(bova,z-)
discourse(we-will,yes)
obj(we-will,this)
advmod(we-will,PART)
orphan(we-will,speci-)
gre za gre za postopek \n it-is about it-is about procedure
reparandum(gre-3,gre-1)
orphan(gre-1,za-2)
obl(gre-3,postopek)
case(postopek,za-4)
reparandum(it-is-9,it-is-7)
orphan(it-is-7,about-8)
obl(it-is-9,procedure)
case(procedure,about-10)
orphan in other languages: [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gsw] [hy] [it] [kk] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [yue] [zh]