advcl: adverbial clause modifier
An adverbial clause modifier (advcl) is a subordinate clause that functions as a modifier of a predicate (typically a verb, but also an adjective or another predicate) and is not a core argument of that predicate. This relation is used for clauses expressing adverbial meanings such as time, cause, condition, purpose, concession, and result.
Adverbial clauses of time:
Aš nuliūdau , kai pakalbėjau su juo . \n I became-sad when I-talked to him .
advcl(nuliūdau, pakalbėjau)
advcl(became-sad, I-talked)
Adverbial clauses of condition:
Jei žinai tiesą , pasakyk mokytojui . \n If you-know the-truth , tell the-teacher .
advcl(pasakyk, žinai)
advcl(tell, you-know)
Adverbial clauses of purpose:
Kad būtum sveikas , reikia sveikai maitintis . \n To-be healthy , you-need to-eat healthily .
advcl(reikia, sveikas)
advcl(you-need, healthy)
Adverbial clauses of concession:
Jis yra mokytojas , nors nemoko . \n He is a-teacher , although he-does-not-teach .
advcl(mokytojas, nemoko)
advcl(a-teacher, he-does-not-teach)
Adverbial clauses of cause (reason):
Aš nėjau į mokyklą , nes sirgau . \n I did-not-go to school because I-was-ill .
advcl(nėjau, sirgau)
advcl(did-not-go, I-was-ill)
Comparative adverbial clauses:
Tau sunkiau , negu galvojau . \n It-is-harder for-you than I-thought .
advcl(sunkiau, galvojau)
advcl(It-is-harder, I-thought)
In some cases, in Lithuanian, participial, half-participial (pusdalyvis), and adverbial participial (padalyvis) forms are used with adverbial function. In such cases, they should also be annotated as advcl.
Avarija įvyko temstant . \n The-accident happened at-dusk .
advcl(įvyko, temstant)
advcl(happened, at-dusk)
Eidamas į darbą paslydau . \n While-going to work , I-slipped .
advcl(paslydau, Eidamas)
advcl(I-slipped, While-going)
Jis prisimerkęs žiūrėjo į mane . \n He looked at me squinting .
advcl(žiūrėjo, prisimerkęs)
advcl(looked, squinting)
Adverbial modifiers expressed by an infinitive are also annotated as advcl:
Sparnai reikalingi skraidyti . \n Wings are-needed to-fly .
advcl(reikalingi, skraidyti)
advcl(are-needed, to-fly)
Free secondary predicatives (i.e. optional, non-obligatory elements in the clause) are also annotated as advcl, since they are considered equivalent to adverbial subordinate clauses:
Jis įėjo į kambarį liūdnas . \n He entered the-room sad .
advcl(įėjo, liūdnas)
advcl(entered, sad)
It is worth separately discussing clauses introduced by correlative or complex subordinators such as taip, kaip (“as”), ten, kur (“where”), tiek, kiek (“as much as”), tol, kol (“until/as long as”), tada, kada / kai (“when”), tam, kad (“so that / in order to”), and todėl, kad (“because”). The subordinate clause is attached to the predicate of the main clause and is annotated as advcl.
Taip , kaip pateikiama , nėra gerai . \n The-way-as it-is-presented is-not good .
advcl(gerai, pateikiama)
advcl(good, it-is-presented)
Važiuosime ten , kur seniai svajojome nuvykti . \n We-will-go where we-have long dreamed of-going .
advcl(Važiuosime, svajojome)
advcl(We-will-go, dreamed)
Galime patirti tiek , kiek esame atviri patirčiai . \n We-can experience as-much as we-are open-to experience .
advcl(patirti, atviri)
advcl(experience, open-to)
Aš atėjau tam , kad pasikalbėtume . \n I came in-order to-talk .
advcl(atėjau, pasikalbėtume)
advcl(came, to-talk)
advcl in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gn] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [ky] [lt] [ml] [naq] [no] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tpn] [tr] [u] [urj] [uz] [xcl] [yue] [zh]