iobj: indirect object
The indirect object of a verb is any nominal phrase that is a core argument of the verb but is not its subject or direct object. The prototypical example is the recipient of ditransitive verbs of exchange:
# visual-style 4 3 iobj color:blue
1 Աստուածաշունչը Աստուածաշունչ PROPN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Def|NameType=Pro|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Translit=Astowaçašownčë|LTranslit=Astowaçašownč
2 գրող գրել VERB _ Aspect=Dur|Polarity=Pos|Subcat=Tran|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act 3 acl _ Translit=groġ|LTranslit=grel
3 անձերուն անձ NOUN _ Animacy=Hum|Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Number=Plur 4 iobj _ Translit=anjerown|LTranslit=anj
4 շնորհուած շնորհել VERB _ Aspect=Perf|Polarity=Pos|Subcat=Intr|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ Translit=šnorhowaç|LTranslit=šnorhel
5 են եմ AUX _ Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ Translit=en|LTranslit=em
6 յայտնութիւններ յայտնութիւն NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ Translit=yaytnowt’iwnner|LTranslit=yaytnowt’iwn|SpaceAfter=No
7 : : PUNCT _ Foreign=Yes 4 punct _ Translit=.|LTranslit=.
If there is just one object, it should likely be obj unless it is morphosyntactically more similar to clear cases of iobj. This is an amended policy as described on the changes page. For example, բացատրել/bacʼatrel “to explain” may occur with obj, iobj, or both:
# visual-style 3 5 obj color:blue
1 Եւ եւ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Translit=EW|LTranslit=ew
2 Թորգոմ Թորգոմ PROPN _ Animacy=Hum|Case=Nom|Definite=Ind|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Translit=T’orgom|LTranslit=T’orgom
3 բացատրեց բացատրել VERB _ Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Polarity=Pos|Subcat=Tran|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ Translit=bac’atrec’|LTranslit=bac’atrel
4 իր իր DET _ Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes 5 det:poss _ Translit=ir|LTranslit=ir
5 կացութիւնը կացութիւն NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Translit=kac’owt’iwnë|LTranslit=kac’owt’iwn|SpaceAfter=No
6 ։ ։ PUNCT _ _ 3 punct _ Translit=.|LTranslit=.
# visual-style 6 5 obj color:blue
# visual-style 6 7 iobj color:blue
1 Ինչպէս ինչպէս ADV _ PronType=Int 3 advmod _ Translit=Inčpēs|LTranslit=inčpēs
2 պիտի պիտի AUX _ Aspect=Prosp|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos 3 aux _ Translit=piti|LTranslit=piti
3 կարենամ կարենալ VERB _ Aspect=Prosp|Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Subcat=Intr|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid 0 root _ Translit=karenam|LTranslit=karenal
4 այս այս DET _ Deixis=Prox|PronType=Dem 5 det _ Translit=ays|LTranslit=ays
5 ամբողջը ամբողջը PRON _ Case=Nom|PronType=Tot 6 obj _ Translit=amboġǰë|LTranslit=amboġǰë
6 բացատրել բացատրել VERB _ Polarity=Pos|Subcat=Tran|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act 3 xcomp _ Translit=bac’atrel|LTranslit=bac’atrel
7 ուսանողներու ուսանող NOUN _ Animacy=Hum|Case=Dat|Definite=Ind|Number=Plur 6 iobj _ Translit=owsanoġnerow|LTranslit=owsanoġ|SpaceAfter=No
When there is a clausal complement, then it is regarded as a “clausal direct object” and an object nominal will be an iobj, parallel to the simple ditransitive case:
# visual-style 5 8 ccomp color:blue
# visual-style 5 2 iobj color:blue
1 Եթէ եթէ SCONJ _ _ 5 mark _ Translit=Et’ē|LTranslit=et’ē
2 բարեկամի բարեկամ NOUN _ Animacy=Hum|Case=Dat|Definite=Ind|Number=Sing 5 iobj _ Translit=barekami|LTranslit=barekam
3 մը մը DET _ PronType=Art 2 det _ Translit=më|LTranslit=më
4 պիտի պիտի AUX _ Aspect=Prosp|Mood=Ind|Polarity=Pos 5 aux _ Translit=piti|LTranslit=piti
5 բացատրենք բացատրել VERB _ Aspect=Prosp|Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Subcat=Tran|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ Translit=bac’atrenk’|LTranslit=bac’atrel
6 թէ թէ SCONJ _ _ 8 mark _ Translit=t’ē|LTranslit=t’ē
7 որքան որքան ADV _ PronType=Exc 8 advmod _ Translit=ork’an|LTranslit=ork’an
8 բազմազբաղ բազմազբաղ ADJ _ Degree=Pos 5 ccomp _ Translit=bazmazbaġ|LTranslit=bazmazbaġ
9 ենք եմ AUX _ Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Polarity=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ Translit=enk’|LTranslit=em
10 այս այս DET _ Deixis=Prox|PronType=Dem 11 det _ Translit=ays|LTranslit=ays
11 օրերուն օր NOUN _ Animacy=Nhum|Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Translit=òrerown|LTranslit=òr|
If there are two or more objects, one of them should be obj and the others should be iobj. In such cases it is necessary to decide what is the most directly affected object (patient).
iobj in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fr] [fro] [gsw] [gub] [hy] [hyw] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [la] [lij] [lt] [naq] [no] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ro] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]