obl: oblique nominal
The prototypical use of obl is to attach a prepositional phrase to a clause.
Such prepositional phrases can express temporal information.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Genesis-1:1-hbo
# text = בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃
# translit = bereʼshit baraʼ ʼelohim ʼet hashamayim ṿeʼet haʼarets
# visual-style 3 2 obl color:blue
1-2 בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 בְּ ב ADP prep _ 2 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=1|Translit=be
2 רֵאשִׁ֖ית ראשׁית NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 obl _ Gloss=beginning|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=2|Translit=reʼshit
3 בָּרָ֣א ברא VERB verb Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Gloss=create|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=3|Translit=baraʼ
4 אֱלֹהִ֑ים אלהים NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=god(s)|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=4|Translit=ʼelohim
5 אֵ֥ת את ADP prep _ 7 case _ Gloss=<object.marker>|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=5|Translit=ʼet
6-7 הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 הַ ה DET art PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=6|Translit=ha
7 שָּׁמַ֖יִם שׁמים NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 obj _ Gloss=heavens|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=7|Translit=shamayim
8-9 וְאֵ֥ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8 וְ ו CCONJ conj _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=8|Translit=ṿe
9 אֵ֥ת את ADP prep _ 11 case _ Gloss=<object.marker>|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=9|Translit=ʼet
10-11 הָאָֽרֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10 הָ ה DET art PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=10|Translit=ha
11 אָֽרֶץ ארץ NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 conj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=GEN_1.1|Ref[BHSA]=11|Translit=ʼarets
12 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 3 punct _ Ref=GEN_1.1
בראשית ברא אלהים את השמים ואת הארץ׃
bereʼshit baraʼ ʼelohim ʼet hashamayim ṿeʼet haʼarets
In the beginning, God had created the skies and the land.
They can also express location.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Genesis-1:2-hbo
# text = וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֨הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְהֹ֑ום וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃
# translit = ṿehaʼarets haytah tohu ṿavohu ṿeḥoshekh ʻal pene tehom ṿeruḥa ʼelohim meraḥefet ʻal pene hamayim
# visual-style 17 20 obl color:blue
1-3 וְהָאָ֗רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וְ ו CCONJ conj _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=12|Translit=ṿe
2 הָ ה DET art PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=13|Translit=ha
3 אָ֗רֶץ ארץ NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ Gloss=earth|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=14|Translit=ʼarets
4 הָיְתָ֥ה היה AUX verb Aspect=Perf|Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ Gloss=be|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=15|Translit=haytah
5 תֹ֨הוּ֙ תהו NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=emptiness|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=16|Translit=tohu
6-7 וָבֹ֔הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 וָ ו CCONJ conj _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=17|Translit=ṿa
7 בֹ֔הוּ בהו NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=emptiness|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=18|Translit=bohu
8-9 וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8 וְ ו CCONJ conj _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=19|Translit=ṿe
9 חֹ֖שֶׁךְ חשׁך NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ Gloss=darkness|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=20|Translit=ḥoshekh
10 עַל על ADP prep _ 12 case _ Gloss=upon|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=21|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ʻal
11 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 10 punct _ Ref=GEN_1.2|SpaceAfter=No
12 פְּנֵ֣י פנה NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 conj _ Gloss=face|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=22|Translit=pene
13 תְהֹ֑ום תהום NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=primeval.ocean|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=23|Translit=tehom
14-15 וְר֣וּחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14 וְ ו CCONJ conj _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=24|Translit=ṿe
15 ר֣וּחַ רוח NOUN subs Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ Gloss=wind|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=25|Translit=ruḥa
16 אֱלֹהִ֔ים אלהים NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=god(s)|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=26|Translit=ʼelohim
17 מְרַחֶ֖פֶת רחף VERB verb Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ Gloss=shake|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=27|Translit=meraḥefet
18 עַל על ADP prep _ 20 case _ Gloss=upon|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=28|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ʻal
19 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 18 punct _ Ref=GEN_1.2|SpaceAfter=No
20 פְּנֵ֥י פנה NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obl _ Gloss=face|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=29|Translit=pene
21-22 הַמָּֽיִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
21 הַ ה DET art PronType=Art 22 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=30|Translit=ha
22 מָּֽיִם מים NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=water|Ref=GEN_1.2|Ref[BHSA]=31|Translit=mayim
23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 5 punct _ Ref=GEN_1.2
והארץ היתה תהו ובהו וחשך על־פני תהום ורוח אלהים מרחפת על־פני המים׃
ṿehaʼarets haytah tohu ṿavohu ṿeḥoshekh ʻal pene tehom ṿeruḥa ʼelohim meraḥefet ʻal pene hamayim
And the land was empty, and darkness was upon the surface of the depths, and the wind of God was hovering over the surface of the waters.
The primary case of prepositional phrases being attached with something other than obl is with the preposition את /ʼet/, which usually appears before definite direct objects.
(את also occasionally means “with” in the comitative sense, and in such cases it is obl.)
# sent_id = Masoretic-Genesis-1:4-hbo
# text = וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָאֹ֖ור כִּי־טֹ֑וב וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָאֹ֖ור וּבֵ֥ין הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃
# translit = ṿayarʼ ʼelohim ʼet haʼor ki ṭov ṿayavdel ʼelohim ben haʼor uven haḥoshekh
1-2 וַיַּ֧רְא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=40|Translit=ṿa
2 יַּ֧רְא ראה VERB verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Gloss=see|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=41|Translit=yarʼ
3 אֱלֹהִ֛ים אלהים NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=god(s)|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=42|Translit=ʼelohim
4 אֶת את ADP prep _ 7 case _ Gloss=<object.marker>|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=43|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ʼet
5 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 4 punct _ Ref=GEN_1.4|SpaceAfter=No
6-7 הָאֹ֖ור _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 הָ ה DET art PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=44|Translit=ha
7 אֹ֖ור אור NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=light|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=45|Translit=ʼor
8 כִּי כי SCONJ conj _ 10 mark _ Gloss=that|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=46|SpaceAfter=No|Translit=ki
9 ־ ־ PUNCT punct _ 8 punct _ Ref=GEN_1.4|SpaceAfter=No
10 טֹ֑וב טוב VERB verb Aspect=Perf|Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ Gloss=be.good|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=47|Translit=ṭov
11-12 וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=48|Translit=ṿa
12 יַּבְדֵּ֣ל בדל VERB verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIFIL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Gloss=separate|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=49|Translit=yavdel
13 אֱלֹהִ֔ים אלהים NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=god(s)|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=50|Translit=ʼelohim
14 בֵּ֥ין בין ADP subs _ 16 case _ Gloss=interval|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=51|Translit=ben
15-16 הָאֹ֖ור _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15 הָ ה DET art PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=52|Translit=ha
16 אֹ֖ור אור NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=light|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=53|Translit=ʼor
17-18 וּבֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
17 וּ ו CCONJ conj _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=54|Translit=u
18 בֵ֥ין בין ADP subs _ 20 case _ Gloss=interval|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=55|Translit=ben
19-20 הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19 הַ ה DET art PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=56|Translit=ha
20 חֹֽשֶׁךְ חשׁך NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 conj _ Gloss=darkness|Ref=GEN_1.4|Ref[BHSA]=57|Translit=ḥoshekh
21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 2 punct _ Ref=GEN_1.4
וירא אלהים את־האור כי־טוב ויבדל אלהים בין האור ובין החשך׃
ṿayarʼ ʼelohim ʼet haʼor ki ṭov ṿayavdel ʼelohim ben haʼor uven haḥoshekh
And God saw the light, that it was good, and God separated the light from the darkness.
Resultatives are also not labeled as obl.
They are instead attached with xcomp.
# sent_id = Masoretic-Genesis-34:8-hbo
# text = וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר חֲמֹ֖ור אִתָּ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר שְׁכֶ֣ם בְּנִ֗י חָֽשְׁקָ֤ה נַפְשֹׁו֙ בְּבִתְּכֶ֔ם תְּנ֨וּ נָ֥א אֹתָ֛הּ לֹ֖ו לְאִשָּֽׁה׃
# translit = ṿaydaber ḥamor ʼitam leʼmor shekhem beni ḥashḳah nafsho bevitkem tenu naʼ ʼotah lo leʼishah
# visual-style 17 24 xcomp color:green
1-2 וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1 וַ ו CCONJ conj _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18583|Translit=ṿa
2 יְדַבֵּ֥ר דבר VERB verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Gloss=speak|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18584|Translit=yedaber
3 חֲמֹ֖ור חמור PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Hamor|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18585|Translit=ḥamor
4-5 אִתָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4 אִתָּ֣ את ADP prep _ 5 case _ Gloss=together.with|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18586|Translit=ʼita
5 ם הם PRON prn Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Ref=GEN_34.8|Translit=m
6-7 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6 לֵ ל ADP prep ExtPos=SCONJ 11 mark _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18587|Translit=le
7 אמֹ֑ר אמר VERB verb HebBinyan=PAAL|VerbForm=Inf 6 fixed _ Gloss=say|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18588|Translit=ʼmor
8 שְׁכֶ֣ם שׁכם PROPN nmpr Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 dislocated _ Gloss=Shechem|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18589|Translit=shekhem
9-10 בְּנִ֗י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9 בְּנִ֗ בן NOUN subs Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 appos _ Gloss=son|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18590|Translit=beni
10 י אני PRON prn Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Ref=GEN_34.8|Translit=
11 חָֽשְׁקָ֤ה חשׁק VERB verb Aspect=Perf|Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ Gloss=love|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18591|Translit=ḥashḳah
12-13 נַפְשֹׁו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12 נַפְשֹׁ נפשׁ NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ Gloss=soul|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18592|Translit=nafsho
13 ו֙ הוא PRON prn Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Ref=GEN_34.8|Translit=ṿ
14-16 בְּבִתְּכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14 בְּ ב ADP prep _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18593|Translit=be
15 בִתְּ בת NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=daughter|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18594|Translit=bit
16 כֶ֔ם אתם PRON prn Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Ref=GEN_34.8|Translit=kem
17 תְּנ֨וּ נתן VERB verb Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PAAL|Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|VerbForm=Fin 11 parataxis _ Gloss=give|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18595|Translit=tenu
18 נָ֥א נא INTJ intj _ 17 discourse _ Gloss=yeah|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18596|Translit=naʼ
19-20 אֹתָ֛הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19 אֹתָ֛ את ADP prep _ 20 case _ Gloss=<object.marker>|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18597|Translit=ʼota
20 הּ היא PRON prn Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obj _ Ref=GEN_34.8|Translit=h
21-22 לֹ֖ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
21 לֹ֖ ל ADP prep _ 22 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18598|Translit=lo
22 ו הוא PRON prn Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 obl _ Ref=GEN_34.8|Translit=ṿ
23-24 לְאִשָּֽׁה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
23 לְ ל ADP prep _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18599|Translit=le
24 אִשָּֽׁה אשׁה NOUN subs Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 xcomp _ Gloss=woman|Ref=GEN_34.8|Ref[BHSA]=18600|Translit=ʼishah
25 ׃ ׃ PUNCT punct _ 2 punct _ Ref=GEN_34.8
וידבר חמור אתם לאמר שכם בני חשקה נפשו בבתכם תנו נא אתה לו לאשה׃
ṿaydaber ḥamor ʼitam leʼmor shekhem beni ḥashḳah nafsho bevitkem tenu naʼ ʼotah lo **leʼishah*
And Hamor spoke to them “Shechem, my son, his soul loves your daughter; please give her to him as a wife.”.
obl in other languages: [bg] [bm] [cop] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [ess] [fr] [fro] [ga] [gd] [gsw] [gub] [hbo] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [ky] [naq] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [ssp] [sv] [swl] [tr] [u] [uz] [vi] [xcl] [yue] [zh]