ADJ: adjective
Definition
Adjectives are words that typically modify nouns and specify their properties or attributes. In Italian, adjectives can be used predicatively (as in La casa è gialla “The house is yellow”) and attributively (as in La casa gialla è a destra “The yellow house is on the right side”).
Adjectives in Italian normally agree in number and gender with the noun they modify (both in attributive and predicative position), e.g. la casa gialla (feminine singular), le case gialle (feminine plural).
The class of adjectives in Italian UD also includes ordinal numbers and participial adjectives, both behaving as adjectives morphologically and syntactically.
To conform to the UD guidelines, possessive adjectives are handled as determiners DET.
Corresponding language-specific part-of-speech tags
A: Adjective
NO: Ordinal Number
Examples
- grande “big”
- vecchio “old”
- verde “green”
- Un caro amico_ “a dear friend”
- Un libro interessante “An interesting book”
- Il cancello è aperto “The gate is open”
- È stato illuminante “It has been illuminating”
- primo “first”, secondo “second”, terzo “third”, IV “fourth”, ennesimo “nth”, ultimo “last”
Treebank Statistics (UD_Italian)
There are 2979 ADJ lemmas (15%), 4709 ADJ types (16%) and 17385 ADJ tokens (6%).
Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of ADJ is: 3 in number of lemmas, 4 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent ADJ lemmas: primo, altro, stesso, nuovo, grande, pubblico, ultimo, italiano, maggiore, presente
The 10 most frequent ADJ types: primo, prima, grande, presente, altri, altro, stesso, comune, nuovo, stessa
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: primo (ADJ 389, PRON 13), altro (ADJ 385, PRON 183, DET 70, NOUN 1), stesso (ADJ 251, PRON 24, ADV 4), nuovo (ADJ 222, NOUN 1), grande (ADJ 188, NOUN 2), pubblico (ADJ 163, NOUN 44), ultimo (ADJ 157, PRON 10, NOUN 9), italiano (ADJ 142, NOUN 29), maggiore (ADJ 141, NOUN 2), presente (ADJ 134, NOUN 3)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: primo (ADJ 182, PRON 6), prima (ADV 144, ADJ 137, ADP 17, NOUN 2, PRON 2), grande (ADJ 119, NOUN 1), altri (ADJ 108, PRON 78, DET 21), altro (ADJ 106, PRON 59, DET 4, NOUN 1), stesso (ADJ 101, PRON 12, ADV 4), comune (ADJ 98, NOUN 8), nuovo (ADJ 92, NOUN 1), stessa (ADJ 87, PRON 7), altra (ADJ 84, PRON 23, DET 11)
- primo
- prima
- ADV 144: Era in platea , è andato via soltanto mezz’ ora prima di il finale .
- ADJ 137: la prima per la terracotta , la seconda per il colore .
- ADP 17: Quante aule vennero costruite prima di il 1976 in il Distretto Scolastico di Wilsona ?
- NOUN 2: Su questa prima c’ era un’ attesa particolare :
- PRON 2: La Libia è stata più volte accusata di fornire basi a le squadre di Abu Nidal , ma in quell’ occasione Tripoli fu la prima a denunciare il sequestro .
- grande
- altri
- altro
- ADJ 106: Dovevi veder li , l’ altro ieri , come scappavano mentre noi avanzavamo .
- PRON 59: Il corazziere è solo un mitomane o dietro a la vicenda c’ è di l’ altro ?
- DET 4: D’ altro canto , se è vero , come ha detto a l’ Ansa il segretario di il vescovo di Goma , Faustino Angabu , che la strada percorsa da il gruppo di italiani massacrati sabato era considerata sicura , è pur vero che lo Zaire è uno di i Paesi più pericolosi di tutta l’ Africa .
- NOUN 1: In sostituzione di il titolo di trasporto di cui a il paragrafo 1 è ammesso l’ impiego di qualsiasi altro mezzo che attesti le indicazioni ivi menzionate .
- stesso
- comune
- nuovo
- stessa
- altra
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of ADJ is 1.580732 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.491677).
The 1st highest number of forms (10) was observed with the lemma “bello”: bei, bel, bell’, bella, belle, belli, bellissima, bellissimi, bellissimo, bello.
The 2nd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “alto”: alta, alte, alti, altissima, altissimi, altissimo, alto.
The 3rd highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “duro”: dura, dure, duri, durissima, durissimi, durissimo, duro.
ADJ occurs with 4 features: it-feat/Number (17049; 98% instances), it-feat/Gender (10926; 63% instances), it-feat/NumType (847; 5% instances), it-feat/Degree (406; 2% instances)
ADJ occurs with 7 feature-value pairs: Degree=Abs, Degree=Cmp, Gender=Fem, Gender=Masc, NumType=Ord, Number=Plur, Number=Sing
ADJ occurs with 21 feature combinations.
The most frequent feature combination is Number=Sing (3805 tokens).
Examples: grande, presente, comune, primo, possibile, sociale, prima, nazionale, internazionale, importante
Relations
ADJ nodes are attached to their parents using 19 different relations: it-dep/amod (14679; 84% instances), it-dep/conj (950; 5% instances), it-dep/root (696; 4% instances), it-dep/xcomp (419; 2% instances), it-dep/nmod (202; 1% instances), it-dep/advcl (139; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (98; 1% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (78; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubj (51; 0% instances), it-dep/dobj (20; 0% instances), it-dep/csubj (10; 0% instances), it-dep/mwe (9; 0% instances), it-dep/advmod (8; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubjpass (7; 0% instances), it-dep/parataxis (6; 0% instances), it-dep/acl (5; 0% instances), it-dep/csubjpass (4; 0% instances), it-dep/nummod (3; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)
Parents of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (14077; 81% instances), VERB (1065; 6% instances), ADJ (831; 5% instances), ROOT (696; 4% instances), PROPN (428; 2% instances), PRON (188; 1% instances), NUM (65; 0% instances), ADV (20; 0% instances), SYM (4; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), ADP (2; 0% instances), PUNCT (2; 0% instances), AUX (1; 0% instances), CONJ (1; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), SCONJ (1; 0% instances)
13573 (78%) ADJ nodes are leaves.
1542 (9%) ADJ nodes have one child.
884 (5%) ADJ nodes have two children.
1386 (8%) ADJ nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a ADJ node is 14.
Children of ADJ nodes are attached using 33 different relations: it-dep/punct (1601; 16% instances), it-dep/nmod (1432; 15% instances), it-dep/advmod (1329; 14% instances), it-dep/cop (1082; 11% instances), it-dep/conj (1019; 10% instances), it-dep/cc (862; 9% instances), it-dep/nsubj (747; 8% instances), it-dep/mark (245; 2% instances), it-dep/det (229; 2% instances), it-dep/case (214; 2% instances), it-dep/neg (194; 2% instances), it-dep/acl (148; 2% instances), it-dep/csubj (133; 1% instances), it-dep/advcl (125; 1% instances), it-dep/aux (89; 1% instances), it-dep/ccomp (64; 1% instances), it-dep/amod (62; 1% instances), it-dep/nummod (58; 1% instances), it-dep/xcomp (51; 1% instances), it-dep/parataxis (40; 0% instances), it-dep/acl:relcl (12; 0% instances), it-dep/mwe (11; 0% instances), it-dep/nsubjpass (11; 0% instances), it-dep/auxpass (7; 0% instances), it-dep/det:poss (7; 0% instances), it-dep/iobj (6; 0% instances), it-dep/discourse (5; 0% instances), it-dep/dobj (5; 0% instances), it-dep/vocative (5; 0% instances), it-dep/appos (4; 0% instances), it-dep/det:predet (2; 0% instances), it-dep/csubjpass (1; 0% instances), it-dep/expl:impers (1; 0% instances)
Children of ADJ nodes belong to 16 different parts of speech: NOUN (1825; 19% instances), VERB (1772; 18% instances), PUNCT (1601; 16% instances), ADV (1516; 15% instances), CONJ (856; 9% instances), ADJ (831; 8% instances), PRON (338; 3% instances), DET (240; 2% instances), SCONJ (232; 2% instances), ADP (230; 2% instances), PROPN (181; 2% instances), AUX (104; 1% instances), NUM (59; 1% instances), SYM (12; 0% instances), INTJ (3; 0% instances), X (1; 0% instances)
ADJ in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]