ADP: adposition
Definition
Middle Armenian has prepositions, postpositions and ambipositional adposition, but no circumpositions. They occur before or after complement noun phrase (noun, pronoun) and they form a single structure with the complement to express its grammatical and semantic relation to another unit within a clause.
There are complex prepositions that take the form of fixed multiword expressions, e.g. դեպ ի/dep i “to, towards”, ի պահն/i pahn “immediately”. The component words are then still tagged according to their basic use (ի/i is ADP, պահն/pahn is ADV, etc.) and their status as multiword expressions is accounted for in the syntactic annotation. The first word of the fixed expression is specified by the ExtPos feature to indicate the UPOS that the expression would have were it a single word.
Note, that there is a number of case-marking elements (traditionally called “adpositional words”), derived from a closed set of nouns, adjectives/participles or adverbs. They are tagged based on their main part-of-speech category in UPOS. Their function as a part of speech, different from that in UPOS, is indicated with the relation ExtPos
Examples
- Prepositions: ի/i “from, to, into, for” (with its antevocalic form յ-), առ/ar “up to”, ընդ/ënd “under, by, through, with, instead of”, ինչվի/inčvi “till, up to”
- postpostions: համար/hamar “for”, հանդէպ/handēp “to, towards”, պէս/pēs “as”,
- ambiposition։ ինձ դէմս/inj dēms “in front of me” դէմ քեզ/dēm k’ez “in front of you”
- complex prepositions: ի խէչ/i xēč “at”, ի վերայ/i veray “on; over; about”, ի մէջ/i mēǰ “in, into, between”
ADP in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [et] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [gn] [grc] [gub] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [no] [oge] [pcm] [ps] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tpn] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]