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Mood: mood

Mood expresses the modality, a speaker’s perspective, in finite verbs. Turkish verbs may carry a wide range of mood information. Different moods are indicated by a number of suffixes, which also interact with tense and aspect of the verb.

Ind: indicative

The indicative can be considered the default mood. A verb in indicative merely states that something happens, has happened or will happen, without adding any attitude of the speaker.

Examples

Imp: imperative

In Turkish imperatives are expressed by lack of any tense/aspect/modality marker. The form of imperative may indicate second or third person plural/singular. Note that, forms other than second person singular may indicate a wish rather than a command, so may be marked as Opt (see below).

Examples

Prs: persuasive (new, not in UD)

Turkish has a particular form of imperative, where the request is not an order, but an attempt to persuade.

Examples

Cnd: conditional

This expresses conditionality. It is the primary means of forming conditionals in Turkish (‘if …’). The suffix responsible for this mood is -sA. The suffix is ambiguous between Cnd and Des (see below).

Examples

Des: desiderative

This mood expresses a wish. It shares the same form as the Cnd mood. It may be disambiguated by particles (keşke: desire, eğer: condition) or by the context. For example, desires do not work well with fixed time references. In general it is difficult to automatically disambiguate between these two moods.

Examples

Opt: optative

Optative suffix (-(y)A) in Turkish typically combines with first person markers and expresses a suggestion. The use with second/third person markers express a wish, but it is rare. With third person singular agreement the imperative form may also express a wish or suggestion, and more common than -(y)A forms.

Examples

Nec: necessitative

This expresses some sort of necessity (mush/should/have to in English).

Examples

Gen: generalized modality (new proposal, not in UD)

Turkish modal system includes a distinction between statements of direct experience (Ind) and statements with a more general or theoretical nature (Göksel & Kerslake, 2005, p.295). This mood is typically marked by the aorist marker on verbs, and with -DIr suffix on nominal predicates.

(NOTE: this mood interacts with evidentiality. One may consider the status of evidentiality expressed by this suffix to be “inferred”. Hence, an alternative way of marking this could be Evidential=Infer, or something similar)

Examples

Abil: abilitative or potentiality (new proposal, not in UD)

The suffix -Abil may indicate ability or possibility. These moods are normally distinct, and the same verb may express both at the same time (see the last example below). However, it is also very difficult to disambiguate between these two moods.

Examples

References


Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

This feature is universal but the values Abil, AbilCnd, AbilDes, AbilGen, AbilGenNec, AbilImp, AbilNec, Gen, GenNec, Prs are language-specific. It occurs with 16 different values: Abil, AbilCnd, AbilDes, AbilGen, AbilGenNec, AbilImp, AbilNec, Cnd, Des, Gen, GenNec, Imp, Ind, Nec, Opt, Prs.

12035 tokens (21%) have a non-empty value of Mood. 6464 types (38%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Mood. 831 lemmas (14%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Mood. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: tr-pos/VERB (11056; 19% instances), tr-pos/AUX (976; 2% instances), tr-pos/ADP (3; 0% instances).

VERB

11056 tr-pos/VERB tokens (100% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Mood.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Mood co-occurred: Negative=Pos (9814; 89%), Register=EMPTY (9695; 88%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (9353; 85%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (9353; 85%), Voice=EMPTY (9322; 84%), Case=EMPTY (8882; 80%), Aspect=Perf (8505; 77%), VerbForm=EMPTY (6304; 57%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Mood:

Paradigm olIndImpCndOptDesNecAbilGenGenNec
Aspect=Imp|Evidentiality=Nfh|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=AorPastolmazmış
Aspect=Imp|Evidentiality=Nfh|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=AorPastolurmuş
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aorolmamolamam
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=AorPastolamazdım
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aorolamazsın
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorolmazolmazsaolamaz
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=AorPastolamazdı
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Neg|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Partolmaz
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aorolabilirim
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=AorPastolurdum
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aorolursunolursanolabilirsin
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorolurolursaolabilir
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=AorPastolurduolabilirdi
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Aoroluruz
Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorolurlarolurlarsa
Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Partolmayacağından
Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmadığından
Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Negative=Neg|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmamaktan
Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmamdan
Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğundan
Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğundan
Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Negative=Pos|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduktan
Aspect=Perf|Case=Abl|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmaktan
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmadığımızı
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmadıklarını
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Partolmayacağını
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmadığını
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğumuzu
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduklarını
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğumu
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Partolabileceğini
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğunu
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Passolunduğunu
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmasını
Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmayı
Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Partolabileceğine
Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğuna
Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmasına
Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmaya
Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmadığının
Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğunun
Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmasının
Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmanın
Aspect=Perf|Case=Loc|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğunda
Aspect=Perf|Case=Loc|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmasında
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmadığı
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmaması, olmayışı
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Neg|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmama
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partoldukları
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmaları
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğum
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmam
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Partolabileceği
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğu, oldukları
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmasıolabilmesi
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Ger|Voice=Passolunması
Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Gerolmak, olmaolabilmek
Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pastolmamış
Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pastolmuşolmuştur
Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pastolmuşlarolmuşlarsaolmuşlardır
Aspect=Perf|Evidentiality=Nfh|Negative=Pos|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmuş
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Presolmasam
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Futolmayacakolamayacak
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=FutPastolmayacaktı
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pastolmadı
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pqpolmamıştı
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Presolmasınolmaya
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Futolmayacağız
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Presolmayalım
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Presolmasanız
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Presolmasalar
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmadığımız
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmadıkları
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Partolmayacağı
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolmadığı
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Partolmayacak
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Partolmayan
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Neg|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Transolmadan, olmayıp
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pastoldumolsaydım
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pqpolmuştum
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Presolsamolmalıyım
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Futolacaksın
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pastoldun
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Presololmalısın
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Futolacakolacaksaolacaktır
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=FutPastolacaktı
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pastolduolduysaolsaydıolmalıydıolabildi
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pqpolmuştu
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Presolsunolaolsaolmalıolmalıdır
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Futolacağız
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pastolduk
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Presolalımolmalıyız
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Futolacaksınız
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Presolun
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Futolacaklar
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pastoldular
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğumuz
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Plur|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partoldukları
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğum
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Partolacağı
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Partolduğu
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Partolan
Aspect=Perf|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Transolup, olunca, oldukça, olalı
Aspect=Prog|Evidentiality=Nfh|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Pastoluyormuş
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Past|Voice=Passolunmuyordu
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Presolmuyor
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Presolmuyorlar
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Register=Inf|Tense=Pastoluyordum
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=1|Register=Inf|Tense=Presoluyorum
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=2|Register=Inf|Tense=Presoluyorsunolabiliyorsun
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Pastoluyordu
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Presoluyorolabiliyor
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Register=Inf|Tense=Presoluyoruz
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Register=Inf|Tense=Presoluyorsunuz
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Pastoluyorlardı
Aspect=Prog|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Register=Inf|Tense=Presoluyorlar
Aspect=Rapid|Negative=Pos|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Transoluverip

AUX

976 tr-pos/AUX tokens (100% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Mood.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Mood co-occurred: Aspect=Perf (976; 100%), Number=Sing (861; 88%), Person=3 (750; 77%), Tense=Pres (632; 65%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Mood:

Paradigm iIndCndGen
Evidentiality=Nfh|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pastymışım
Evidentiality=Nfh|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pastmışsın
Evidentiality=Nfh|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pastymiş, mış, ymış, miş, ymuş, müş, eymiş, immiş, muş
Evidentiality=Nfh|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Transymişçesine
Evidentiality=Nfh|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pastymışız
Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pastydim, ydım, tum, dım, ydum, dim, tım, düm, dum
Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Presim, yim, yım, ım, yum, üm, akutistan'dayımsem
Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pastydin, din
Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pressin, sın, s'ın, sun
Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pastydi, dı, ydı, tu, ydu, tı, di, ti, du, dü, 'di, 'ydi, 'tı, 'dı, tü, 'ydı, ydü
Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pressa, se, yse, imse, siyse, ysadir, dır, dur, tir, tur, tır, dür, tür, edir, 'dır, üdür, ledir
Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pastydik, ydık, dik, duk
Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Presız, yız, iz, yiz, yüz, yuz
Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pastydınız
Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pressınız, siniz, sunuzsinizdir
Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pastydılar, ydiler, tılar, dular
Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Preslar, lerlardır, lerdir, dırlar, dir, durlar
Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Transken, yken, okurken

ADP

3 tr-pos/ADP tokens (0% of all ADP tokens) have a non-empty value of Mood.

ADP tokens may have the following values of Mood:

Relations with Agreement in Mood

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Mood: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (946; 79%), VERB –[advcl]–> VERB (659; 87%), VERB –[dobj]–> VERB (554; 74%), VERB –[nmod]–> VERB (431; 66%), VERB –[acl]–> VERB (264; 86%), VERB –[ccomp]–> VERB (245; 90%), VERB –[csubj]–> VERB (96; 87%), VERB –[aux:q]–> AUX (85; 72%), VERB –[nsubj]–> VERB (61; 79%), VERB –[nmod:poss]–> VERB (30; 91%).


Mood in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]