VerbForm

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`VerbForm`: form of verb or deverbative

We use VerbForm with non-finite verbs that function as heads of adjectival and adverbial clauses.

The verb forms that function as noun phrases (verbal nouns) are not marked with the VerbForm feature. These verb forms are considered two separate syntactic tokens. See overview/tokenization

`Part`: participle

Participle is a non-finite verb form which functions as adjectivals. The participles are introduced using a number of subordinating suffixes.

If the head of the relative clause is omitted (so-called “headless relative clauses”), we treat the word like a verbal noun.

Examples

okuyacağım kitap “the book that I will read”
Ali’nin okuduğu kitap “the book that I has read”
okuyour olduğun kitap “the book that you are reading”

`Trans`: transgressive

The transgressive, also called adverbial participle, is a non-finite verb form that shares properties of verbs and adverbs. In Turkish linguistics, these words are normally called converbs. However, since the UD definition Trans covers the use of converbs, we use the same label.

yürürken gördüm “I saw it while I was walking”
okuyarak daha iyi öğreniyor “She/he learns better by reading”
raporu yazılı olarak istiyorlar “They want the report in written form”
okuyunca anlayacaksın “You will understand when you read it”

Treebank Statistics (UD_Turkish)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 3 different values: Ger, Part, Trans.

4786 tokens (8%) have a non-empty value of VerbForm. 2888 types (17%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. 621 lemmas (11%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of VerbForm. The feature is used with 4 part-of-speech tags: tr-pos/VERB (4752; 8% instances), tr-pos/AUX (22; 0% instances), tr-pos/ADJ (10; 0% instances), tr-pos/NUM (2; 0% instances).

`VERB`

4752 tr-pos/VERB tokens (43% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and VerbForm co-occurred: Register=EMPTY (4752; 100%), Number=EMPTY (4661; 98%), Person=EMPTY (4661; 98%), Mood=Ind (4598; 97%), Aspect=Perf (4591; 97%), Negative=Pos (4391; 92%), Voice=EMPTY (3807; 80%), Tense=Pres (3053; 64%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (3049; 64%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (3049; 64%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

Ger (1416; 30% of non-empty VerbForm): demek, olması, olmak, savunma, almak, görmek, yapmak, etmek, kurtulmak, etmeye
Part (2564; 54% of non-empty VerbForm): olan, olduğunu, olduğu, gelen, eden, yapılan, olmadığını, yapan, alan, yapılacak
Trans (772; 16% of non-empty VerbForm): gidip, olup, dönüp, diyerek, ederek, edip, gelip, kalkıp, koşarak, belirterek
EMPTY (6304): dedi, dedim, değil, oldu, söyledi, olur, etti, geldi, var, verdi

Paradigm ol	`Part`	`Trans`	`Ger`
`Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Tense=Aor`	olmaz
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Abl\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Fut`	olmayacağından
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Abl\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olmadığından
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Abl\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Tense=Pres`			olmamaktan
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Abl\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=1\|Tense=Pres`			olmamdan
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Abl\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=2\|Tense=Past`	olduğundan
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Abl\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olduğundan
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Abl\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Past`	olduktan
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Abl\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Pres`			olmaktan
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Abil\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Fut`	olabileceğini
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=1\|Tense=Past`	olmadığımızı
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olmadıklarını
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Fut`	olmayacağını
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olmadığını
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=1\|Tense=Past`	olduğumuzu
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olduklarını
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=1\|Tense=Past`	olduğumu
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olduğunu
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Pass`	olunduğunu
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Pres`			olmasını
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Pres`			olmayı
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Dat\|Mood=Abil\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Fut`	olabileceğine
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Dat\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olduğuna
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Dat\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Pres`			olmasına
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Dat\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Pres`			olmaya
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Gen\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olmadığının
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Gen\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olduğunun
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Gen\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Pres`			olmasının
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Gen\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Pres`			olmanın
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Loc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olduğunda
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Loc\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Pres`			olmasında
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Abil\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Fut`	olabileceği
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Abil\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Pres`			olabilmesi
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Abil\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Pres`			olabilmek
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olmadığı
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Pres`			olmaması, olmayışı
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Tense=Pres`			olmama
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	oldukları
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Pres`			olmaları
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=1\|Tense=Past`	olduğum
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=1\|Tense=Pres`			olmam
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olduğu, oldukları
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Pres`			olması
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass`			olunması
`Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Pres`			olmak, olma
`Aspect=Perf\|Evidentiality=Nfh\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Past`	olmuş
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=1\|Tense=Past`	olmadığımız
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olmadıkları
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Fut`	olmayacağı
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olmadığı
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Tense=Fut`	olmayacak
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Neg\|Tense=Pres`	olmayan	olmadan, olmayıp
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=1\|Tense=Past`	olduğumuz
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Plur\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	oldukları
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=1\|Tense=Past`	olduğum
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Fut`	olacağı
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Number[psor]=Sing\|Person[psor]=3\|Tense=Past`	olduğu
`Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Pres`	olan	olup, olunca, oldukça, olalı
`Aspect=Rapid\|Mood=Ind\|Negative=Pos\|Tense=Pres`		oluverip

`AUX`

22 tr-pos/AUX tokens (2% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and VerbForm co-occurred: Mood=Ind (22; 100%), Aspect=Perf (22; 100%), Number=EMPTY (21; 95%), Person=EMPTY (21; 95%), Tense=Pres (21; 95%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

Trans (22; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): ken, yken, okurken, ymişçesine
EMPTY (954): dir, mi, dır, mı, ydi, dı, ydı, tu, mu, dur

`ADJ`

10 tr-pos/ADJ tokens (0% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and VerbForm co-occurred: Number=EMPTY (10; 100%), Number[psor]=EMPTY (10; 100%), Case=EMPTY (10; 100%), Person=EMPTY (10; 100%), Person[psor]=EMPTY (10; 100%).

ADJ tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

Trans (10; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): delice, aptalca, bilinçsizce, ilgisizce, isteksizce, sonsuzca, uzakça, yalnızca, çılgınca
EMPTY (5700): var, içinde, yeni, büyük, iyi, yok, son, aynı, başka, kadın

`NUM`

2 tr-pos/NUM tokens (0% of all NUM tokens) have a non-empty value of VerbForm.

The most frequent other feature values with which NUM and VerbForm co-occurred: NumType=Card (2; 100%), Number=EMPTY (2; 100%), Person=EMPTY (2; 100%), Case=EMPTY (2; 100%).

NUM tokens may have the following values of VerbForm:

Trans (2; 100% of non-empty VerbForm): onca
EMPTY (2048): bir, iki, bin, yüzde, üç, on, beş, dört, altı, milyon

Relations with Agreement in `VerbForm`

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in VerbForm: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (231; 71%).

VerbForm in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

VerbForm: form of verb or deverbative

Part: participle