PRON

This is part of archived UD v1 documentation. See http://universaldependencies.org/ for the current version.

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`PRON`: pronoun

Definition

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns or noun phrases. Their meaning is recoverable from the linguistic or extralinguistic context.

Examples

Personal (subject) pronouns: jeg “I”, du “you”, han “he”, hun “she”, det/den “it”, vi “we”, I “you (pl.)” , de “they”
Placeholder personal pronoun: man “one” as in man kan gå “one can go”
Personal (object)/reflexive pronouns: mig “me/myself”, dig “you/yourself”, ham “him”, henne “her”, sig “itself/himself/herself/themselves”, os “us/ourselves”, hinanden “one another/each other”
Demonstrative pronouns: dette “that/this” as in dette er et svært spørgsmål “that is a difficult question”
Possessive pronouns: vores “ours”
Interrogative pronouns: hvad “what”
Relative pronouns: hvis “whose”
Indefinite pronouns: nogen “someone/anybody”, noget “something/anything”
Totality pronouns: alting “everything”
Negative pronouns: ingen “no/none” as in ingen af os “none of us”

Treebank Statistics (UD_Danish)

There are 35 PRON lemmas (0%), 62 PRON types (0%) and 6783 PRON tokens (7%). Out of 17 observed tags, the rank of PRON is: 9 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent PRON lemmas: det, han, jeg, vi, de, der, man, sig, hun, som

The 10 most frequent PRON types: det, han, jeg, der, vi, de, man, sig, hun, som

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: det (PRON 1236, DET 4), de (PRON 483, PROPN 3, X 1), der (ADV 557, PRON 497, X 1), som (ADP 530, PRON 262, ADV 15), den (DET 1965, PRON 237), du (PRON 186, VERB 1), nogen (PRON 143, DET 134), anden (DET 162, PRON 104, ADJ 29), en (DET 2187, PRON 104, X 7), selv (PRON 102, ADV 56, DET 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: det (PRON 822, DET 415), der (PRON 479, ADV 468, X 1), de (DET 581, PRON 323, PROPN 3, X 1), som (ADP 498, PRON 262, ADV 14), den (DET 669, PRON 172), noget (PRON 103, DET 42), selv (PRON 96, ADV 40, DET 1), en (DET 1395, PRON 49, X 7), andre (DET 85, PRON 44), hver (PRON 37, DET 10)

det
- PRON 822: - Hvad er det , du siger ?
- DET 415: Der var en god stemning på det danske hold inden kampen .
der
- PRON 479: Fakkeltoget sluttede ved bålet , der blev antændt af faklerne .
- ADV 468: Hvem der skal spille op til dans , skal helst være en overraskelse .
- X 1: Desværre der der på markedet ting , der ikke kan holde til noget .
de
- DET 581: ” Han skulle ha’ en lærestreg for alle de rædsler , han har begået .
- PRON 323: Og tyskerne havde fået det chok , de aldrig overvandt .
- PROPN 3: Et par uger tidligere var hans meget gode ven , den amerikanske arkæolog Mike de Vine , blevet fundet dræbt .
- X 1: ” Han har umådelig stor støtte , især i de de fattigste kvarterer . “
som
- ADP 498: Søstre kender hinandens inderste på en måde som ingen anden kender dem .
- PRON 262: Og bogen er ikke , som man kunne tro , negativ og hadefuld .
- ADV 14: Det virkede , som om han havde smurt handskerne ind i brun sæbe .
den
- DET 669: Det ligger ikke klart , hvornår han skal tiltræde den ny stilling .
- PRON 172: Men er den nu også det ?
noget
- PRON 103: Lars mumlede noget om , at klokken var mange .
- DET 42: For Søs Krusell , 16 år , har projektet betydet noget helt specielt .
selv
- PRON 96: Jeg kunne ikke få mig selv til at sende det .
- ADV 40: ” Men nu får jeg ikke en krone , selv om jeg er dansker og skriver for danskere .
- DET 1: Der var spor af en trækiste , men intet af den døde selv ; alle knogler var for længst opløste .
en
- DET 1395: H.L. Hansen var en udsædvanlig og frodig personlighed .
- PRON 49: Mit hus er et lille skovløberhus bag en af de røde låger .
- X 7: ” Afghanerne er en fantastisk folk .
andre
- DET 85: Med andre ord : tobaksrygning er forbudt i ministerbilerne !
- PRON 44: Jeg ville bare ikke snakke med ham , hvis der var andre i nærheden .
hver
- PRON 37: Dommeren siger , at man giver 40 kr. for hver påbegyndt to timer .
- DET 10: Lærlingene har undervejs haft ansvar for hver sin gruppe .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of PRON is 1.771429 (the average of all parts of speech is 1.355873).

The 1st highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “anden”: a., anden, andet, andre.

The 2nd highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “en”: en, et, én, ét.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “den”: de, den, det.

PRON occurs with 11 features: PronType (6024; 89% instances), Number (5172; 76% instances), Case (5148; 76% instances), Person (4799; 71% instances), Gender (4791; 71% instances), PartType (759; 11% instances), Reflex (350; 5% instances), Polite (27; 0% instances), Poss (14; 0% instances), Number[psor] (13; 0% instances), Style (1; 0% instances)

PRON occurs with 22 feature-value pairs: Case=Acc, Case=Gen, Case=Nom, Gender=Com, Gender=Neut, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Number[psor]=Plur, Number[psor]=Sing, PartType=Inf, Person=1, Person=2, Person=3, Polite=Pol, Poss=Yes, PronType=Dem, PronType=Ind, PronType=Int,Rel, PronType=Prs, PronType=Rcp, Reflex=Yes, Style=Form

PRON occurs with 41 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs (1236 tokens). Examples: det, dét

Relations

PRON nodes are attached to their parents using 23 different relations: nsubj (4365; 64% instances), dobj (988; 15% instances), nmod (675; 10% instances), nsubjpass (278; 4% instances), mark (177; 3% instances), iobj (104; 2% instances), root (51; 1% instances), expl (37; 1% instances), conj (36; 1% instances), mwe (27; 0% instances), dep (12; 0% instances), ccomp (5; 0% instances), advcl (4; 0% instances), appos (4; 0% instances), acl:relcl (3; 0% instances), advmod (3; 0% instances), list (3; 0% instances), nmod:poss (3; 0% instances), vocative (3; 0% instances), nummod (2; 0% instances), amod (1; 0% instances), nmod:tmod (1; 0% instances), reparandum (1; 0% instances)

Parents of PRON nodes belong to 17 different parts of speech: VERB (5308; 78% instances), NOUN (511; 8% instances), ADJ (452; 7% instances), PRON (162; 2% instances), ADV (146; 2% instances), ROOT (51; 1% instances), AUX (39; 1% instances), ADP (38; 1% instances), PROPN (35; 1% instances), NUM (12; 0% instances), CONJ (10; 0% instances), INTJ (8; 0% instances), X (4; 0% instances), PART (3; 0% instances), SCONJ (2; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances)

5609 (83%) PRON nodes are leaves.

910 (13%) PRON nodes have one child.

139 (2%) PRON nodes have two children.

125 (2%) PRON nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a PRON node is 10.

Children of PRON nodes are attached using 20 different relations: acl:relcl (461; 27% instances), case (460; 27% instances), nmod (263; 15% instances), punct (110; 6% instances), cop (92; 5% instances), nsubj (87; 5% instances), advmod (74; 4% instances), amod (33; 2% instances), mark (33; 2% instances), cc (23; 1% instances), conj (22; 1% instances), nummod (22; 1% instances), neg (17; 1% instances), appos (13; 1% instances), nmod:poss (8; 0% instances), discourse (7; 0% instances), aux (5; 0% instances), list (1; 0% instances), nmod:tmod (1; 0% instances), reparandum (1; 0% instances)

Children of PRON nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: ADP (470; 27% instances), VERB (465; 27% instances), NOUN (172; 10% instances), PRON (162; 9% instances), PUNCT (110; 6% instances), AUX (97; 6% instances), ADV (96; 6% instances), ADJ (50; 3% instances), CONJ (30; 2% instances), PROPN (26; 2% instances), NUM (22; 1% instances), X (17; 1% instances), SCONJ (13; 1% instances), PART (3; 0% instances)