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Person: person

Person is a feature of verbs (TODO: also pronouns?).

1: first person

In singular, the first person refers just to the speaker or author. In plural, it includes the speaker/author and one or more additional persons.

Examples

• [fi] minä näin sinut “I saw you”
• [fi] me lähdimme “we left”

2: second person

In singular, the second person refers to the addressee of the utterance or text. In plural, it may mean several addressees and optionally some third persons too.

Examples

• [fi] me tarjoamme “we offer”
• [fi] te vastaatte “you answer”

3: third person

The third person refers to one or more persons that are neither speakers nor addressees.

Examples

• [fi] hän voitti “he/she won”
• [fi] he päättivät “they decided”

TODO: consider fourth person, e.g. kirja julkaistiin? (cf. ISK http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=106, http://scripta.kotus.fi/visk/sisallys.php?p=1313)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.

This is a layered feature with the following layers: Person, Person[psor].

22102 tokens (12%) have a non-empty value of Person. 4404 types (9%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. 1585 lemmas (7%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (16707; 9% instances), fi-pos/AUX (2921; 2% instances), fi-pos/PRON (2474; 1% instances).

VERB

16707 fi-pos/VERB tokens (53% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Degree=EMPTY (16707; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (16707; 100%), PartForm=EMPTY (16707; 100%), Voice=Act (16707; 100%), Case=EMPTY (16707; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (16707; 100%), Number=Sing (13802; 83%), Mood=Ind (13523; 81%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (2261; 14% of non-empty Person): en, olen, olin, emme, haluaisin, enkä, haluan, sain, huomasin, etten
• 2 (609; 4% of non-empty Person): et, olet, lisää, älä, ota, älkää, keitä, paista, saat, leikkaa
• 3 (13837; 83% of non-empty Person): on, ei, oli, ovat, eivät, eikä, olivat, olisi, tulee, tuli
• EMPTY (14956): ole, olla, ollut, olevan, tehdä, tehty, ottaa, saada, tullut, käyttää

Paradigm olla	1	2	3
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			Olisikohan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			Olisihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			Onhan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			olihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivathan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovathan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olikaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			onkaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkaan
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			onki
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenkin		onkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivatkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkin, olemmekin
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			onks
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			Olikos
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			onkos
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisiko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinko		oliko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenko	oletko	onko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivatko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			Ovatko
Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olipas
Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			Onpas
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			Olisipa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olipa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		oletpa	onpa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivatpa
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll	oisin		olis, ois
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Typo=Yes	olisi
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	olisin	olisit	olisi
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Style=Coll	oltaisiin		olis
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur	olisimme		olisivat
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing		ole	olkoon
Mood=Imp|Number=Plur		Olkaa	olkoot
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			ol
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres	oon	oot	on, o
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olin	olit	oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olen, Oon	olet	on
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past	oltiin		oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			on, ollaan
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past	olimme		olivat
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	Olemme	olette, ootte	ovat, olemme, olette
Mood=Pot|Number=Sing			lienee
Mood=Pot|Number=Plur			lienevät

AUX

2921 fi-pos/AUX tokens (82% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Person co-occurred: Voice=Act (2921; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (2921; 100%), Number=Sing (2554; 87%), Mood=Ind (2485; 85%), Tense=Pres (2073; 71%).

AUX tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (216; 7% of non-empty Person): olen, olin, olisin, voimme, voin, joudun, olisimme, aion, voisin, aiomme
• 2 (37; 1% of non-empty Person): voit, olet, voitte, olisit, oot, voitko, Taidatkin, voisitteko, Saatat, Voisitko
• 3 (2668; 91% of non-empty Person): on, voi, oli, olisi, ovat, pitäisi, voisi, voivat, pitää, täytyy
• EMPTY (659): voidaan, ole, voi, ollut, voida, voinut, voitaisiin, olisi, tarvitse, pitää

Paradigm olla	1	2	3
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			Onhan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olikaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenkaan
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinkin		olikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	Olenkin		onkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivatkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkin
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			onks
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisiko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres		oot
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinko		oliko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenko		onko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres		ootteko
Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			onpas
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll	oisin		ois, olis
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	olisin	olisit	olisi
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur|Style=Coll			olis
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur	olisimme		olisivat
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past	oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres	oon, Oom	oot	on
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olin		oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes			ovat
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olen	olet	on
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			on, ollaan
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past	olimme		olivat
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovat, olemme, olette
Mood=Pot|Number=Sing|Typo=Yes			lie
Mood=Pot|Number=Plur			lie, lienevät

PRON

2474 fi-pos/PRON tokens (21% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (2474; 100%), Number=Sing (1807; 73%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (923; 37% of non-empty Person): minä, meidän, me, mä, minun, minua, meillä, minulla, minulle, minut
• 2 (228; 9% of non-empty Person): sinä, sä, sinun, te, teitä, sinua, sinulle, teille, sinulla, sinut
• 3 (1323; 53% of non-empty Person): hän, hänen, he, heidän, hänet, häntä, hänelle, hänellä, hänestä, heitä
• EMPTY (9450): se, sen, joka, sitä, siitä, tämä, tämän, jotka, ne, mitä

Relations with Agreement in Person

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (1318; 62%), VERB –[appos]–> VERB (7; 100%), VERB –[goeswith]–> VERB (1; 100%), VERB –[vocative]–> PRON (1; 100%).

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)

This feature is universal. It occurs with 3 different values: 1, 2, 3.

This is a layered feature with the following layers: Person, Person[psor].

27590 tokens (17%) have a non-empty value of Person. 5209 types (12%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. 1678 lemmas (8%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Person. The feature is used with 3 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/VERB (22751; 14% instances), fi-pos/PRON (4435; 3% instances), fi-pos/DET (404; 0% instances).

VERB

22751 fi-pos/VERB tokens (61% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Person co-occurred: Voice=Act (22751; 100%), VerbForm=Fin (22751; 100%), PartForm=EMPTY (22751; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (22751; 100%), Case=EMPTY (22751; 100%), Number=Sing (19622; 86%), Mood=Ind (17626; 77%).

VERB tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (2993; 13% of non-empty Person): en, olen, olin, olemme, emme, olisin, sanoin, tulen, ajattelin, näin
• 2 (1690; 7% of non-empty Person): et, olet, älä, olette, ette, ota, oot, saat, ole, tule
• 3 (18068; 79% of non-empty Person): on, ei, oli, ovat, olisi, voi, tulee, tuli, eivät, olivat
• EMPTY (14849): ole, olla, ollut, tehdä, voi, mennä, tulla, olevan, saanut, tullut

Paradigm olla	1	2	3
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll			Oiskohan
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			Olisikohan
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			onkoha
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olikohan
Clitic=Han,Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		Oletkohan	Onkohan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			Olisihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past		Olithan	olihan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	Olenhan		onhan
Clitic=Han|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovathan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisikaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			olikaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		oletkaan	onkaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past			olivatkaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkaan
Clitic=Kaan|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing			lieneekään
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll			oliskin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing			olisikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing		olekin	olkoonkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			olikii
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres			onki
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinkin		olikin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenkin	oletkin	onkin
Clitic=Kin|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres			ovatkin
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past		Olitkos	Olikos
Clitic=Ko,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		Oletkos	onkos
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll			olisko, oisko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	Olisinko		olisiko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur		Olisitteko	olisivatko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past			oliks, olik
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres	oonko, Oonksmä, ooks, olenk	ootko, ootsä, ook, Ooksää, oleks, Ookkonää, oleksä	onks, onk
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olinko	Olitko	oliko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olenko	oletko	onko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past		Olitteks
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres		ootteko, Oottekste
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	olemmeko	oletteko	ovatko
Clitic=Ko|Mood=Pot|Number=Sing			lieneekö, Liekö
Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past			Olipas
Clitic=Pa,S|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres			Onpas
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing		Olisitpa	Olisipa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Imp|Number=Sing		olepa	olkoonpa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	Olinpa		olipa
Clitic=Pa|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres		oletpa	onpa
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing|Style=Coll	oisin, oisi		olis, ois, os
Mood=Cnd|Number=Sing	olisin	olisit	olisi, lienisi
Mood=Cnd|Number=Plur	olisimme	olisitte	olisivat
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Style=Coll		Ous, Oo
Mood=Imp|Number=Sing		ole	olkoon
Mood=Imp|Number=Plur	Olkaamme	olkaa	olkoot
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Past	oli		ol, ol´, olii, olä
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres	oon, Oom, oo, ole, on, ool, Oommä	oot	o, oj, om
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past	olin	olit	oli
Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres	olen	olet	on
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Past	Olimma	olija
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Style=Coll|Tense=Pres		Ootte	oovat
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Past	olimme	olitte	olivat
Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres	olemme	olette	ovat
Mood=Opt|Number=Sing		Ollos
Mood=Pot|Number=Sing	lienen		lienee, lie
Mood=Pot|Number=Plur	lienemme		lienevät

PRON

4435 fi-pos/PRON tokens (42% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (4435; 100%), Number=Sing (3456; 78%), Case=Nom (2656; 60%).

PRON tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (1885; 43% of non-empty Person): minä, mä, me, minulla, minua, minun, meillä, minulle, meidän, meitä
• 2 (767; 17% of non-empty Person): sinä, sä, te, sinulle, sinun, sinua, sinulla, sulle, teillä, sinut
• 3 (1783; 40% of non-empty Person): hän, he, hänen, häntä, hänellä, hänet, hänelle, heidän, hänestä, heillä
• EMPTY (6137): se, sen, sitä, mitä, joka, ne, siitä, kaikki, tämä, mikä

DET

404 fi-pos/DET tokens (10% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Person.

The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Person co-occurred: PronType=Prs (404; 100%), Case=Gen (373; 92%), Number=Sing (261; 65%).

DET tokens may have the following values of Person:

• 1 (158; 39% of non-empty Person): meidän, minun, mun, meistä, meiän, Meillä, meille, meitä, minunkin, minä
• 2 (65; 16% of non-empty Person): sinun, teidän, sun, sinä, te, teille, teiän
• 3 (181; 45% of non-empty Person): hänen, heidän, heillä, häne
• EMPTY (3705): se, sen, kaikki, mitään, tämä, joka, sitä, joku, tällä, tässä

Relations with Agreement in Person

The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Person: VERB –[conj]–> VERB (973; 57%), VERB –[vocative]–> PRON (13; 57%).

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Person in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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