VERB: verb
Definition
A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically denotes events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and governs the number and types of other constituents that may occur in the clause.
Note that the VERB tag covers main verbs (content verbs), but not auxiliary verbs or copulas, which are tagged AUX. See the description of AUX for more information on the borderline between VERB and AUX.
Western Armenian verbs can take the following morphological forms:
- Infinitive (this is the citation form that shares properties of verbs and nouns),
- Finite verb forms (indicative, imperative, and subjunctive forms; necessitative forms are constructed periphrastically; connegative forms),
- Participles (including resultative, future, and perfect participles, which are used to construct compound or secondary compound tense and mood forms),
Some participial forms (verbal adjectives) are tagged as verbs rather than adjectives (ADJ). See below for examples.
Examples
- գրել/grel “to write”, գրել(ը)/grel(ë) “(the) writing”,
- գրեցի/grec’i “I wrote”, գրեցիր/grec’ir “you wrote”, գրեց/grec’ “he/she/it wrote”, գրեցինք/grec’ink’ “we wrote”, գրեցիք/grec’ik’ “you wrote”, գրեցին/grec’in “they wrote”,
- ունիմ/ownim “I have”, ունիս/ownis “you have”, ունի/owni “he/she/it has”, ունինք/ownink’ “we have”, ունիք/ownik’ “you have”, ունին/ownin “they have”,
- գրէ՛/grē, գրեցէ՛ք/grec’ēk’ “write!”, կարդա՛/karda, կարդացէ՛ք/kardac’ēk’ “read!”, խօսի՛ր (խօսէ՛)/xòsir (xòsē) խօսեցէք/xòsec’ēk’ “speak!” (imperative in different numbers)
- գրեմ/grem “I write (subjunctive)”, գրես/gres “you write (subjunctive)”, գրէ/grē “he/she/it writes (subjunctive)”, գրենք/grenk’ “we write (subjunctive)”, գրէք/grēk’ “you write (subjunctive)”, գրեն/gren “they write (subjunctive)”,
- գնայի/gnayi “I went (subjunctive)”, գնայիր/gnayir “you went (subjunctive)”, գնար/gnar “he/she/it went (subjunctive)”, գնայինք/gnayink’ “we went (subjunctive)”, գնայիք/gnayik’ “you went (subjunctive)”, գնային/gnayin “they went (subjunctive)”,
- չեմ գրեր/čem grer “I do (will) not write”, չեմ գնար/čem gnar “I do (will) not go”, չեմ խօսիր/čem xòsir “I do (will) not speak”
- գրած/graç “written”, կարդացած/kardac’aç “read”, խօսած/xòsaç “spoken”, գրելու/grelow “(will) write”, կարդալու/kardalow “(will) read”, խօսելու/xòselow “(will) speak”, գրեր/grer “have written”, կարդացեր/kardac’er “have read”, խօսեր/xòser “have spoken”,
- գրող/groġ “writing”, կարդացող/kardac’oġ “reading”, գրելիք/grelik’ “(smth.) to be written”, կարդալիք/kardalik’ “(smth.) to be read” (verbal adjectives).
Border cases
Resultative, subject, and future participles are word forms that may share properties and functions of adjectives and verbs. Note that both core participial forms and participial adjectives (used in nominal predication with copula and as noun modifiers) are tagged VERB. For example:
- Resultative: քանդուած եկեղեցի/k’andowaç ekeġec’i “a ruined church”,
- Subject: տիրող կարգեր/tiroġ karger “ruling order”,
- Future-II: տարուելիք աշխատանքներ/tarowelik’ ašxatank’ner “the work to be carried out”.
VERB in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [grc] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [no] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]