VERB: verb
Definition
A verb typically denotes events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and governs the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause. Verbs are often associated with grammatical categories like tense, mood, aspect and voice, which can either be expressed inflectionally or using auxilliary verbs or particles.
Τhe uninflected form that is used with the auxiliary έχω to form periphrastic tenses (e.g. έχω γράψει “I have written”, είχα γράψει “I had written”, θα έχω γράψει “I will have written”) is assigned the VerbForm=Inf feature-value pair. Mood=… and VerbForm=Inf are mutually exclusive feature-value pairs. έχω is also used as a main verb, e.g., in possession denoting structures: έχω ένα αυτοκίνητο `I have a car.’
Participles in -μένος are productive in Modern Greek. These and the participles in -θείς are assigned the tag VERB, the lemma in -μένος and -θείς, and the features Case=…|Gender=…|Number=…VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass. Ηowever, there are formations in -μένος not related to a verb in use, e.g., χιλιοτραγουδισμένος / chiliotragoudismenos “storied”, ξακουσμένος / ksakousmenos “famous”, etc; these are assigned the tag ADJ.
Most verb forms inflect for Number, Person and are also tagged for Aspect, Mood, Tense and Voice.
Non-inflecting verb forms ending in -όντας, -ώντας (adverbial participles) share properties and usage of adverbs and verbs. They are assigned the tag VERB, the lemma in -όντας, -ώντας, the specification VerbForm=Conv and are tagged for Aspect and Voice.
Examples
- τρέχω, τρώει / trecho, troi “I run/am running, he/she/it eats, is eating”
- τρέχοντας, τρώγοντας / trechodas, trogodas “running, eating”
Occassionally, only a few or unique members of the inflectional paradigm of a verb are used, e.g.
- άει in many fixed and productive expressions, e.g., άει πάγαινε, άει στο καλό, άει στο διάολο, etc. It is assigned the lemma “άει”.
References
Τζάρτζανος, Αχιλλέας, 2002. Νεοελληνική Σύνταξις της Κοινής Δημοτικής. Αθήνα: Εκδόσεις Κυριακίδη. σελ. 225. https://www.greek-language.gr/greekLang/modern_greek/tools/lexica/triantafyllides/
VERB in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]