VERB: verb
Definition
A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically denotes events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and governs the number and types of other constituents that may occur in the clause.
Note that the VERB tag covers main verbs (content verbs), but not auxiliary verbs or copulas, which are tagged AUX. See the description of AUX for more information on the borderline between VERB and AUX.
Armenian verbs can take the following morphological forms:
- Infinitive (this is the citation form that shares properties of verbs and nouns),
- Finite verb forms (indicative, imperative, subjunctive and conditional forms; necessitative forms are constructed periphrastically, connegative forms),
- Participles (including imperfective, future-I, perfect, resultative, and processual participles, which are used to construct compound and secondary compound tense and mood forms),
- Converb (also called adverbial participle).
Some participial forms (verbal adjectives) are tagged as verbs rather than adjectives (ADJ). See below for examples.
Examples
- գրել/grel “to write”, գրել(ը)/grel(ë) “(the) writing”,
- գրեցի/grec’i “I wrote”, գրեցիր/grec’ir “you wrote”, գրեց/grec’ “he/she/it wrote”, գրեցինք/grec’ink’ “we wrote”, գրեցիք/grec’ik’ “you wrote”, գրեցին/grec’in “they wrote”,
- ունեմ/ownem “I have”, ունես/ownes “you have”, ունի/owni “he/she/it has”, ունենք/ownenk’ “we have”, ունեք/ownek’ “you have”, ունեն/ownen “they have”,
- գրի՛/gri, գրե՛ք/grek’ “write!”, կարդա՛/karda, կարդացե՛ք/kardac’ek’ “read!” (imperative in different numbers),
- գրեմ/grem “I write (subjunctive)”, գրես/gres “you write (subjunctive)”, գրի/gri “he/she/it writes (subjunctive)”, գրենք/grenk’ “we write (subjunctive)”, գրեք/grek’ “you write (subjunctive)”, գրեն/gren “they write (subjunctive)”,
- գնայի/gnayi “I went (subjunctive)”, գնայիր/gnayir “you went (subjunctive)”, գնար/gnar “he/she/it went (subjunctive)”, գնայինք/gnayink’ “we went (subjunctive)”, գնայիք/gnayik’ “you went (subjunctive)”, գնային/gnayin “they went (subjunctive)”,
- կգնամ/kgnam “I will go”, կգնաս/kgnas “you will go”, կգնա/kgna “he/she/it will go”, կգնանք/kgnank’ “we will go”, կգնաք/kgnak’ “you will go”, կգնան/kgnan “they will go”,
- կգրեի/kgrei “I would write”, կգրեիր/kgreir “you would write”, կգրեր/kgrer “he/she/it would write”, կգրեինք/kgreink’ “we would write”, կգրեիք/kgreik’ “you would write”, կգրեին/kgrein “they would write”,
- չեմ գրի/čem gri “I shall not write”, չեմ գնա/čem gna “I shall not go”,
- գրած/graç “written”, կարդացած/kardac’aç “read”, գրում/growm “write”, կարդում/kardowm “read”, գրելու/grelow “(will) write”, կարդալու/kardalow “(will) read”, գրել/grel “have written”, կարդացել/kardac’el “have read”, գրի/gri “(will not) write”, կարդա/karda “(will not) read” (participles),
- գրելիս/grelis “while writing”, կարդալիս/kardalis “while reading” (converb),
- գրող/groġ “writing”, կարդացող/kardac’oġ “reading”, գրելիք/grelik’ “(smth.) to be written”, կարդալիք/kardalik’ “(smth.) to be read” (verbal adjectives).
Border cases
Resultative, subject, and future-II participles are word forms that may share properties and functions of adjectives and verbs. Note that both core participial forms and participial adjectives (used in nominal predication with copula and as noun modifiers) are tagged VERB. For example:
- Resultative: կառուցված շենք/kaṙowc’vaç šenk’ “a built house”,
- Subject: կառուցվող շենք/kaṙowc’voġ šenk’ “a house, that is being built”,
- Future-II: կառուցվելիք շենք/kaṙowc’velik’ šenk’ “a house that will be built”.
VERB in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [grc] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [no] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]