VERB: verb
Definition
A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.
Note that the VERB tag covers main verbs (content verbs), but it does not cover auxiliary verbs and copulas, for which there is
the AUX tag.
See the description of AUX for more information on the borderline between VERB and AUX.
Armenian verbs can take the following morphological forms:
- Infinitive (this is the citation form),
- Gerundive (shares properties of verbs and nouns),
- Finite verb (indicative, imperative, subjunctive and conditional forms; necessitative is constructed periphrastically, connegative forms),
- Resultative, processual, imperfective, future-I, perfect participles (used to construct (secondary) complex tenses and moods),
- Converb (also called adverbial participle).
There are participial forms (verbal adjectives) that are tagged as verbs rather than adjectives (ADJ). See below for examples.
Examples
- գրել, գրել(ը) “to write, (the) writing”,
- գրեցի, գրեցիր, գրեց, գրեցինք, գրեցիք, գրեցին “I wrote, you wrote, he/she/it wrote, we wrote, you wrote, they wrote”,
- ունեմ, ունես, ունի, ունենք, ունեք, ունեն “I have, you have, he/she/it has, we have, you have, they have”,
- գրի՛, գրե՛ք, կարդա՛, կարդացե՛ք “write, read” (imperative in different numbers),
- գրեմ, գրես, գրի, գրենք, գրեք, գրեն “I write.Sub, you write.Sub, he/she/it write.Sub, we write.Sub, you write.Sub, they write.Sub”,
- գնայի, գնայիր, գնար, գնայինք, գնայիք, գնային “I went.Sub, you went.Sub, he/she/it went.Sub, we went.Sub, you went.Sub, they went.Sub”,
- կգնամ, կգնաս, կգնա, կգնանք, կգնաք, կգնան “I will go, you will go, he/she/it will go, we will go, you will go, they will go”,
- կգրեի, կգրեիր, կգրեր, կգրեինք, կգրեիք, կգրեին “I would write, you would write, he/she/it would write, we would write, you would write, they would write”,
- չեմ գրի, չեմ գնա “I shall not write, I shall not go”,
- գրած, կարդացած, գրելիս, կարդալիս, գրում, կարդում, գրելու, կարդալու, գրել, կարդացել, գրի, կարդա “written, read, while writing, while reading, write, read, (will) write, (will) read, have written, have read, write, read” (participles),
- գրելիս, կարդալիս “while writing, while reading” (converb)
- գրող, կարդացող, գրելիք, կարդալիք “writing, reading, smth. to be written, smth. to be read” (verbal adjectives)
Border cases
Resultative, subject and future-II participles are word forms that may share properties and usage of adjectives and verbs. Note, that in release 2.2 both core participial forms (used to form the moods) and participial adjectives (used in nominal predication with copula, and to modify nouns) are tagged VERB. For example:
- Resultative: կառուցված շենք “a built house”,
- Subject: կառուցվող շենք “a house, that is being built”,
- Future-II: կառուցվելիք շենք “a house, that will be built”
VERB in other languages: [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [no] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [xcl] [yue] [zh]