VERB: verb
Definition
A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically signal events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and govern the number and types of other constituents which may occur in the clause.
Note that the VERB tag covers main verbs (content verbs), but it does not cover auxiliary verbs and copulas, for which there is
the AUX tag.
See the description of AUX for more information on the borderline between VERB and AUX.
Middle Armenian verbs can take the following morphological forms:
- Infinitive (this is the citation form that shares properties of verbs and nouns),
- Finite verb (imperative and subjunctive forms and some forms of indicative mood; necessitative, conditional forms and some forms of indicative mood constructed periphrastically, connegative forms),
- Participal (resultative, perfect and future participles are used to construct (secondary) compound tenses).
There are participial forms (verbal adjectives) that are tagged as verbs rather than adjectives (ADJ). See below for examples.
Examples
- գրել/grel, գրել(ը)/grel(ë) “to write, (the) writing”,
- գրեցի/grec’i, գրեցեր (-իր)/grec’er (-ir), գրեաց (-եց)/greac’ (-ec’), գրեցաք/grec’ak’, գրեցէք (-իք)/grec’ēk’ (-ik’), գրեցին/grec’in “I wrote, you wrote, he/she/it wrote, we wrote, you wrote, they wrote”,
- ունիմ/ownim, ունիս/ownis, ունի/owni, ունին/ownin “I have, you have, he/she/it has, they have”,
- գրեա՛ (գրէ՛)/grea՛ (grē՛), գրէ՛ք/grē՛k’, կարդա՛/karda՛, կարդացէ՛ք/kardac’ē՛k’; ա՛ռ/a՛ṙ; լի՛ց/li՛c’; կա՛լ/ka՛l “write!, read!” (imperative in different numbers), “take!”, “fill!”, “close!”
- գրեմ/grem, գրես/gres, գրէ (-ի)/grē (-i), գրենք/grenk’, գրէք/grēk’, գրեն/gren “I write.Sub, you write.Sub, he/she/it write.Sub, we write.Sub, you write.Sub, they write.Sub”,
- գնայի/gnayi, գնայիր/gnayir, գնայր/gnayr, գնայաք/gnayak’, գնայիք/gnayik’, գնային/gnayin “I went.Sub, you went.Sub, he/she/it went.Sub, we went.Sub, you went.Sub, they went.Sub”,
- կու գնամ/kow gnam, կու գնաս/kow gnas, կու գնայ/kow gnay, կու գնանք/kow gnank’, կու գնաք/kow gnak’, կու գնան/kow gnan “I (will) go, you (will) go, he/she/it (will) go, we (will) go, you (will) go, they (will) go”,
- կու գրէի/kow grēi, կու գրէիր/kow grēir, կու գրէր/kow grēr, կու գրէինք/kow grēink’, կու գրէիք/kow grēik’, կու գրէին/kow grēin “I would write, you would write, he/she/it would write, we would write, you would write, they would write”
- չգրի/čgri, չգնայ/čgnay “He/she/it doesn’t write, he/she/it doesn’t go”,
- գրած/graç, խառնուած/xaṙnowaç, գրելոց (գրելոյ)/greloc’ (greloy), կարդալոց (կարդալոյ)/kardaloc’ (kardaloy), գրել (գրեալ)/grel (greal), կարդացել (կարդացեալ)/kardac’el (kardac’eal), գրել (գրեր)/grel (grer), կարդացել (կարդացեր)/kardac’el (kardac’er), գրի/gri, կարդա/karda “written, mixed, (will) write, (will) read, wrote, read, have written, have read, write!, read!” (participles),
- գրող/groġ, կարդացող/kardac’oġ “writing, reading, smth. to be written, smth. to be read” (verbal adjectives)
Border cases
Resultative, subject and perfect participles are word forms that may share properties and usage of adjectives and verbs. Note, that in release 2.2 both core participial forms (used to form the moods) and participial adjectives (used in nominal predication with copula, and to modify nouns) are tagged VERB. For example:
- Resultative: կոտրած ատամ/kotraç atam “a broken tooth”,
- Subject: այրեցող ջերմ/ayrec’oġ ǰerm “burning fever”,
- Perfect: ծաղկեալ ծառ/çaġkeal çaṙ “tree in blossom”
VERB in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fro] [fr] [ga] [grc] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [no] [oge] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [uk] [u] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]