VERB: verb
Definition
A verb is a member of the syntactic class of words that typically denotes events and actions, can constitute a minimal predicate in a clause, and governs the number and types of other constituents that may occur in the clause.
Note that the VERB tag covers main verbs (content verbs), but not auxiliary verbs or copulas, which are tagged AUX. See the description of AUX for more information on the borderline between VERB and AUX.
Middle Armenian verbs can take the following morphological forms:
- Infinitive (this is the citation form that shares properties of verbs and nouns),
- Finite verb forms (imperative, subjunctive, and some indicative forms; periphrastic necessitative, conditional, and certain indicative forms; connegative forms),
- Participles (resultative, perfect, and future participles are used to construct secondary compound tenses).
Some participial forms (verbal adjectives) are tagged as verbs rather than adjectives (ADJ). See below for examples.
Examples
- գրել/grel “to write”, գրել(ը)/grel(ë) “(the) writing”,
- գրեցի/grec’i “I wrote”, գրեցեր (-իր)/grec’er (-ir) “you wrote”, գրեաց (-եց)/greac’ (-ec’) “he/she/it wrote”, գրեցաք/grec’ak’ “we wrote”, գրեցէք (-իք)/grec’ēk’ (-ik’) “you wrote”, գրեցին/grec’in “they wrote”,
- ունիմ/ownim “I have”, ունիս/ownis “you have”, ունի/owni “he/she/it has”, ունին/ownin “they have”,
- գրեա՛ (գրէ՛)/grea (grē), գրէ՛ք/grēk’ “write!”, կարդա՛/karda, կարդացէ՛ք/kardac’ēk’ “read!” (imperative in different numbers), ա՛ռ/aṙ “take!”, լի՛ց/lic’ “fill!”, կա՛լ/kal “close!”,
- գրեմ/grem “I write (subjunctive)”, գրես/gres “you write (subjunctive)”, գրէ (-ի)/grē (-i) “he/she/it writes (subjunctive)”, գրենք/grenk’ “we write (subjunctive)”, գրէք/grēk’ “you write (subjunctive)”, գրեն/gren “they write (subjunctive)”,
- գնայի/gnayi “I went (subjunctive)”, գնայիր/gnayir “you went (subjunctive)”, գնայր/gnayr “he/she/it went (subjunctive)”, գնայաք/gnayak’ “we went (subjunctive)”, գնայիք/gnayik’ “you went (subjunctive)”, գնային/gnayin “they went (subjunctive)”,
- կու գնամ/kow gnam “I (will) go”, կու գնաս/kow gnas “you (will) go”, կու գնայ/kow gnay “he/she/it (will) go”, կու գնանք/kow gnank’ “we (will) go”, կու գնաք/kow gnak’ “you (will) go”, կու գնան/kow gnan “they (will) go”,
- կու գրէի/kow grēi “I would write”, կու գրէիր/kow grēir “you would write”, կու գրէր/kow grēr “he/she/it would write”, կու գրէինք/kow grēink’ “we would write”, կու գրէիք/kow grēik’ “you would write”, կու գրէին/kow grēin “they would write”,
- չգրի/čgri “he/she/it doesn’t write”, չգնայ/čgnay “he/she/it doesn’t go”,
- գրած/graç “written”, խառնուած/xaṙnowaç “mixed”, գրելոց (գրելոյ)/greloc’ (greloy) “(will) write”, կարդալոց (կարդալոյ)/kardaloc’ (kardaloy) “(will) read”, գրել (գրեալ)/grel (greal) “(have) written”, կարդացել (կարդացեալ)/kardac’el (kardac’eal) “(have) read”, գրել (գրեր)/grel (grer) “(have) written”, կարդացել (կարդացեր)/kardac’el (kardac’er) “have read”, գրի/gri “write!”, կարդա/karda “read!” (participles),
- գրող/groġ “writing”, կարդացող/kardac’oġ “reading” (verbal adjectives).
Border cases
Resultative, subject, and perfect participles are word forms that may share properties and functions of adjectives and verbs. Note that both core participial forms and participial adjectives (used in nominal predication with copula and as noun modifiers) are tagged VERB. For example:
- Resultative: կոտրած ատամ/kotraç atam “a broken tooth”,
- Subject: այրեցող ջերմ/ayrec’oġ ǰerm “burning fever”,
- Perfect: ծաղկեալ ծառ/çaġkeal çaṙ “a tree in bloom”.
VERB in other languages: [axm] [bej] [bg] [bm] [cs] [cy] [da] [el] [en] [es] [ess] [et] [eu] [fi] [fr] [fro] [ga] [grc] [hbo] [hu] [hy] [it] [ja] [ka] [kk] [kpv] [ky] [myv] [naq] [nmf] [no] [oge] [pal] [pcm] [pt] [qpm] [ru] [sl] [sv] [tr] [tt] [u] [uk] [urj] [xcl] [xmf] [yue] [zh]