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CONJ: coordinating conjunction

Definition

Coordinating conjunctions are invariable words that connect two constituents without subordination. In Ancient Greek some conjunctions can also function as adverbs.

Examples

• καί “and”
• τε “and”
• ἀλλά “but”

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Ancient_Greek)

There are 65 CONJ lemmas (0%), 106 CONJ types (0%) and 9006 CONJ tokens (4%). Out of 13 observed tags, the rank of CONJ is: 7 in number of lemmas, 8 in number of types and 9 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent CONJ lemmas: καί, δέ, ἀλλά, ἤ, μή, ἠδέ, τε, οὐδέ, ὡς, δε

The 10 most frequent CONJ types: καὶ, δὲ, ἀλλ̓, ἢ, ἀλλὰ, δ̓, καί, μὴ, τε, ἠδὲ

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: καί (CONJ 5640, ADV 2166, SCONJ 1), δέ (ADV 8850, CONJ 990), ἀλλά (CONJ 713, ADV 545, SCONJ 1), ἤ (CONJ 472, SCONJ 139, ADV 40), μή (ADV 480, CONJ 234, SCONJ 106), τε (ADV 2569, CONJ 154), οὐδέ (ADV 292, CONJ 77, X 5), ὡς (ADV 811, SCONJ 765, CONJ 69, ADP 9, INTJ 3), οὔτε (ADV 162, CONJ 62), ἀλλὰ (CONJ 22, SCONJ 1)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: καὶ (CONJ 5419, ADV 2129, SCONJ 1), δὲ (ADV 3835, CONJ 844, X 1), ἀλλ̓ (CONJ 434, ADV 370), ἢ (CONJ 349, SCONJ 134, ADV 43, PRON 1), ἀλλὰ (CONJ 271, ADV 141, SCONJ 2), δ̓ (ADV 4234, CONJ 235, X 2), καί (CONJ 192, ADV 57), μὴ (ADV 365, CONJ 169, SCONJ 53), τε (ADV 1805, CONJ 122), μή (ADV 73, CONJ 64, SCONJ 53)

• καὶ
  • CONJ 5419: ἀκίχητα γὰρ ἤθεα καὶ κέαρ ἀπαράμυθον ἔχει Κρόνου παῖς .
  • ADV 2129: ἔσται δὲ καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν Αἰγέως στρατῷ αἰεὶ δικαστῶν τοῦτο βουλευτήριον .
  • SCONJ 1: ἅτε δὴ Μίνω τε κατεστραμμένου γῆν πολλὴν καὶ εὐτυχέοντος τῷ πολέμῳ , τὸ Καρικὸν ἦν ἔθνος λογιμώτατον τῶν ἐθνέων ἁπάντων κατὰ τοῦτον ἅμα τὸν χρόνον μακρῷ μάλιστα .
• δὲ
  • ADV 3835: νεοχμοῖς δὲ δὴ νόμοις Ζεὺς ἀθέτως κρατύνει .
  • CONJ 844: τούτων ἕκαστον ἀνὰ τετρακισχιλίους πεζούς , ἱππεῖς δὲ τριακοσίους .
  • X 1: μή τις ἔτι πρόφρων ἀγανὸς καὶ ἤπιος ἔστω σκηπτοῦχος βασιλεύς , μη δὲ φρεσὶν αἴσιμα εἰδώς , ἀλλ̓ αἰεὶ χαλεπός τ̓ εἴη καὶ αἴσυλα ῥέζοι ·
• ἀλλ̓
  • CONJ 434: οἱ δὲ Κερκυραῖοι τὴν ἱκετείαν οὐκ ἐδέξαντο , ἀλλ̓ ἀπράκτους ἀπέπεμψαν .
  • ADV 370: ἀλλ̓ ἡσύχαζε σαυτὸν ἐκποδὼν ἔχων ·
• ἢ
  • CONJ 349: ἢ οὐκ οἶσθ̓ ἀκριβῶς ὢν περισσόφρων ὅτι γλώσσῃ ματαίᾳ ζημία προστρίβεται ;
  • SCONJ 134: πολλῷ γ̓ ἀμείνων τοὺς πέλας φρενοῦν ἔφυς ἢ σαυτόν ·
  • ADV 43: ἢ δυοῖν χάριν ταῦτα περιφέρουσιν ·
  • PRON 1: ἢ δ̓ ὑποκυσαμένη Ἑκάτην τέκε , τὴν περὶ πάντων Ζεὺς Κρονίδης τίμησε ·
• ἀλλὰ
  • CONJ 271: ψεύσῃ δὲ μηδέν , ἀλλὰ πάντα τ- ἀληθῆ λέγε .
  • ADV 141: ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν μεθῶμεν , ἄθλου δ̓ ἔκλυσιν ζήτει τινά .
  • SCONJ 2: οὐ γὰρ μόνον στεφανουμένων τοῖς ὡραίοις ἄνθεσιν , ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ χεῖρας ἐχόντων τὸ πᾶν εἶδος ἐπικοσμεῖται .
• δ̓
  • ADV 4234: αἰθὴρ δ̓ ἐλαφραῖς πτερύγων ῥιπαῖς ὑποσυρίζει .
  • CONJ 235: ἐπειδὴ δὲ καλῶς αὐτῷ εἶχεν , ἐκεῖνος μὲν ἀπιὼν ᾤχετο , ἐγὼ δ̓ ἐκάθευδον .
  • X 2: οὐ δ̓ ἄῤ ἔτι δὴν Τηλέμαχος παρέμιμνεν , ἐπεὶ θεοῦ ἔκλυεν αὐδήν .
• καί
  • CONJ 192: καί μοι πρόπαντος ἐγγύην θήσῃ χρόνου ;
  • ADV 57: καί μοι ἀνάβητε τούτων μάρτυρες .
• μὴ
  • ADV 365: εἰ σὺ μὴ τόδ̓ ἐννοεῖς , ἐγὼ λέγω σοι ·
  • CONJ 169: δίδαξον ἡμᾶς , εἴ τι μὴ βλάπτει λόγῳ .
  • SCONJ 53: πρὸς κέντρα μὴ λάκτιζε , μὴ παίσας μογῇς .
• τε
  • ADV 1805: αἰκίζεταί τε κοὐδαμῇ χαλᾷ κακῶν .
  • CONJ 122: οὐδέ κεν ἡμέας ἄλλο διέκρινεν φιλέοντέ τε τερπομένω τε .
• μή
  • ADV 73: εἰ δέ μή , οὐδέν σοι κύριον ἔσται τῶν πρὸς ἔμ̓ ὡμολογημένων .
  • CONJ 64: μή πού τι προύβης τῶνδε καὶ περαιτέρω ;
  • SCONJ 53: ὑπό τι γὰρ δέδοικά σε μή μου προπεσούσης τοὐμπλόκιον ὑπεκτράγῃς .

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of CONJ is 1.630769 (the average of all parts of speech is 3.041201).

The 1st highest number of forms (7) was observed with the lemma “ἤ”: ἠέ, ἠὲ, ἢ, ἤ, ἦ, ἦέ, ἦε.

The 2nd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “καί”: [καὶ, [καὶ], κ-, καί, καὶ, καὶ].

The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “τε”: δ̓, θ̓, τ-, τ̓, τέ, τε.

CONJ occurs with 7 features: Mood (2; 0% instances), Number (2; 0% instances), Person (2; 0% instances), Tense (2; 0% instances), VerbForm (2; 0% instances), Voice (2; 0% instances), Aspect (1; 0% instances)

CONJ occurs with 11 feature-value pairs: Aspect=Imp, Mood=Ind, Number=Plur, Number=Sing, Person=2, Person=3, Tense=Fut, Tense=Past, VerbForm=Fin, Voice=Act, Voice=Mid

CONJ occurs with 3 feature combinations. The most frequent feature combination is _ (9004 tokens). Examples: καὶ, δὲ, ἀλλ̓, ἢ, ἀλλὰ, δ̓, καί, μὴ, τε, ἠδὲ

Relations

CONJ nodes are attached to their parents using 10 different relations: cc (7629; 85% instances), advmod (1116; 12% instances), neg (207; 2% instances), case (39; 0% instances), appos (4; 0% instances), iobj (4; 0% instances), amod (3; 0% instances), mwe (2; 0% instances), nsubj (1; 0% instances), xcomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of CONJ nodes belong to 11 different parts of speech: VERB (5232; 58% instances), NOUN (2347; 26% instances), ADJ (947; 11% instances), PRON (200; 2% instances), ADV (179; 2% instances), DET (26; 0% instances), CONJ (23; 0% instances), NUM (19; 0% instances), PUNCT (18; 0% instances), ADP (8; 0% instances), SCONJ (7; 0% instances)

8685 (96%) CONJ nodes are leaves.

95 (1%) CONJ nodes have one child.

105 (1%) CONJ nodes have two children.

121 (1%) CONJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a CONJ node is 7.

Children of CONJ nodes are attached using 16 different relations: advmod (210; 28% instances), nmod (182; 25% instances), punct (72; 10% instances), dobj (67; 9% instances), iobj (55; 7% instances), advcl (40; 5% instances), nsubj (29; 4% instances), xcomp (23; 3% instances), amod (15; 2% instances), case (12; 2% instances), cc (12; 2% instances), mark (7; 1% instances), acl (5; 1% instances), conj (5; 1% instances), neg (2; 0% instances), det (1; 0% instances)

Children of CONJ nodes belong to 10 different parts of speech: NOUN (266; 36% instances), ADV (156; 21% instances), VERB (122; 17% instances), PUNCT (73; 10% instances), ADJ (42; 6% instances), PRON (30; 4% instances), CONJ (23; 3% instances), ADP (13; 2% instances), DET (6; 1% instances), SCONJ (6; 1% instances)

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Treebank Statistics (UD_Ancient_Greek-PROIEL)

There are 10 CONJ lemmas (0%), 23 CONJ types (0%) and 13510 CONJ tokens (7%). Out of 13 observed tags, the rank of CONJ is: 12 in number of lemmas, 11 in number of types and 8 in number of tokens.

The 10 most frequent CONJ lemmas: καί, τε, ἀλλά, ἤ, οὔτε, οὐδέ, εἴτε, μηδέ, μήτε, ἤτοι

The 10 most frequent CONJ types: καὶ, τε, ἀλλὰ, ἢ, ἀλλ’, οὔτε, οὐδὲ, καί, εἴτε, μηδὲ

The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: τε (CONJ 1330, ADV 35), ἤ (CONJ 384, ADV 126), οὔτε (CONJ 235, ADV 7), οὐδέ (CONJ 148, ADV 81), εἴτε (CONJ 74, SCONJ 14), μήτε (CONJ 52, ADV 2)

The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: καὶ (CONJ 10064, ADV 1165), τε (CONJ 1317, ADV 33), ἢ (CONJ 371, ADV 113, DET 1), οὔτε (CONJ 225, ADV 7), οὐδὲ (CONJ 124, ADV 60), καί (CONJ 98, ADV 6), εἴτε (CONJ 74, SCONJ 14), μήτε (CONJ 51, ADV 2), οὐδ’ (ADV 19, CONJ 14), οὐδέ (CONJ 10, ADV 2)

• καὶ
  • CONJ 10064: καὶ ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα
  • ADV 1165: θέλω δὲ τούτῳ τῷ ἐσχάτῳ δοῦναι ὡς καὶ σοί
• τε
  • CONJ 1317: φόβητρά τε καὶ σημεῖα ἀπ’ οὐρανοῦ μεγάλα ἔσται
  • ADV 33: ἑτέροις τε λόγοις πλείοσιν διεμαρτύρατο καὶ παρεκάλει αὐτοὺς λέγων
• ἢ
  • CONJ 371: ὅταν δὲ παραδῶσιν ὑμᾶς μὴ μεριμνήσητε πῶς ἢ τί λαλήσητε
  • ADV 113: πλὴν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἀνεκτότερον ἔσται ἐν τῇ κρίσει ἢ ὑμῖν
  • DET 1: ὡς δὲ παρῆσαν ἅπαντες ἔχοντες τὸ προειρημένον ἐνθαῦτα ὁ Κῦρος ἦν γάρ τις χῶρος τῆς Περσικῆς ἀκανθώδης ὅσον τε ἐπὶ ὀκτωκαίδεκα σταδίους ἢ εἴκοσι πάντῃ τοῦτον σφι τὸν χῶρον προεῖπε ἐξημερῶσαι ἐν ἡμέρῃ
• οὔτε
  • CONJ 225: οὔτε οἶδα οὔτε ἐπίσταμαι σὺ τί λέγεις
  • ADV 7: οὔτε ἁλυκὸν γλυκὺ ποιῆσαι ὕδωρ
• οὐδὲ
  • CONJ 124: Οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον οὐδὲ δοῦλος ὑπὲρ τὸν κύριον αὐτοῦ
  • ADV 60: εἰ οὖν οὐδὲ ἐλάχιστον δύνασθε τί περὶ τῶν λοιπῶν μεριμνᾶτε
• καί
  • CONJ 98: καί κως ταῦτα τοῖσι Καρσὶ ἐξαγγέλθη πρότερον ἢ τὸν Δαυρίσην ἀπικέσθαι
  • ADV 6: ἔστι μέντοι τῷ δικαιοτάτῳ τῶν λόγων καί αὕτη Κικόνων
• εἴτε
  • CONJ 74: πάρεστι δὲ εἰκάζειν εἴτε εὐνοίῃ ταῦτα ἐποίησε εἴτε καὶ καταχαίρων
  • SCONJ 14: εἴτε διακονίαν ἐν τῇ διακονίᾳ
• μήτε
  • CONJ 51: μήτε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ὅτι θρόνος ἐστὶν τοῦ θεοῦ
  • ADV 2: καὶ συνέρχεται πάλιν ὄχλος ὥστε μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτοὺς μήτε ἄρτον φαγεῖν
• οὐδ’
  • ADV 19: ἀλλ’ οὐδ’ εἰ πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἔστιν ἠκούσαμεν
  • CONJ 14: οὐ συλλαβὼν δὲ τὸ ῥηθὲν οὐδ’ ἐπανειρόμενος ἑωυτὸν αἴτιον ἀποφαινέτω
• οὐδέ
  • CONJ 10: οὐδέ σφι πείσεσθαι
  • ADV 2: οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδέ σφι ἐστὶ ἐν τῇ χωρῇ ὁ δὲ χρυσὸς καὶ ὁ χαλκὸς ἄπλετος

Morphology

The form / lemma ratio of CONJ is 2.300000 (the average of all parts of speech is 3.412038).

The 1st highest number of forms (4) was observed with the lemma “ἀλλά”: ἀλλά, ἀλλὰ, ἀλλ’, ἄλλα.

The 2nd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “μηδέ”: μηδέ, μηδὲ, μηδ’.

The 3rd highest number of forms (3) was observed with the lemma “οὐδέ”: οὐδέ, οὐδὲ, οὐδ’.

CONJ does not occur with any features.

Relations

CONJ nodes are attached to their parents using 11 different relations: cc (13415; 99% instances), root (68; 1% instances), remnant (9; 0% instances), ccomp (5; 0% instances), conj (5; 0% instances), appos (2; 0% instances), parataxis (2; 0% instances), advmod (1; 0% instances), amod (1; 0% instances), nsubj (1; 0% instances), xcomp (1; 0% instances)

Parents of CONJ nodes belong to 13 different parts of speech: VERB (7961; 59% instances), NOUN (3024; 22% instances), ADJ (1024; 8% instances), PROPN (721; 5% instances), PRON (331; 2% instances), ADV (157; 1% instances), NUM (129; 1% instances), SCONJ (76; 1% instances), ROOT (68; 1% instances), CONJ (8; 0% instances), INTJ (6; 0% instances), ADP (4; 0% instances), DET (1; 0% instances)

13411 (99%) CONJ nodes are leaves.

54 (0%) CONJ nodes have one child.

27 (0%) CONJ nodes have two children.

18 (0%) CONJ nodes have three or more children.

The highest child degree of a CONJ node is 5.

Children of CONJ nodes are attached using 14 different relations: nsubj (29; 17% instances), advcl (27; 16% instances), remnant (25; 15% instances), advmod (23; 14% instances), nmod (15; 9% instances), iobj (12; 7% instances), dobj (8; 5% instances), vocative (7; 4% instances), ccomp (6; 4% instances), discourse (6; 4% instances), cc (5; 3% instances), neg (4; 2% instances), aux (2; 1% instances), parataxis (1; 1% instances)

Children of CONJ nodes belong to 8 different parts of speech: ADV (53; 31% instances), NOUN (43; 25% instances), VERB (32; 19% instances), ADJ (13; 8% instances), PRON (11; 6% instances), CONJ (8; 5% instances), INTJ (6; 4% instances), PROPN (4; 2% instances)

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CONJ in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]

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