Degree: degree of comparison
Degree of comparison is a feature of adjectives, some adverbs, and verbs in participle form.
Pos: positive, first degree
This is the base form that merely states a quality of something, without comparing it to qualities of others.
Examples
- [fi] uusi nimi “new name”
Cmp: comparative, second degree
The quality of one things is compared to the same quality of another.
Examples
- [fi] nuorempi veli “younger brother”
- [fi] pyöriä nopeammin “rotate faster”
Sup: superlative, third degree
The quality of one thing is compared to the same quality of all other things within a set.
Examples
- [fi] paras tulos “best result”
- [fi] nopeimmin kasvavat “fastest grow”
Diff
FinnTreeBank
The FI_FTB corpus applies the degree of comparison only when it is noticeable in the word form (that is, in comparative or superlative). Positive (Pos) is not used, as not all adjectives, adverbs and verb participles can appear in the other degrees of comparison at all.
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 3 different values: Cmp, Pos, Sup.
18379 tokens (10%) have a non-empty value of Degree.
9626 types (19%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Degree.
3532 lemmas (15%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Degree.
The feature is used with 7 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/ADJ (11248; 6% instances), fi-pos/VERB (6900; 4% instances), fi-pos/AUX (127; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADV (97; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON (4; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN (2; 0% instances), fi-pos/PROPN (1; 0% instances).
ADJ
11248 fi-pos/ADJ tokens (88% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Degree co-occurred: Number=Sing (8101; 72%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(426; 4% of non-emptyDegree): parempi, suurempi, parempaa, useamman, alhaisempi, nuorempi, pienempi, vanhempi, helpompaa, pienempiäPos(10365; 92% of non-emptyDegree): hyvä, arvoisa, uusi, uuden, uutta, pieni, hyvää, tärkeää, oman, suuriSup(457; 4% of non-emptyDegree): suurin, paras, korkein, suurimman, parasta, parhaan, suurimmat, tärkein, useimmat, vanhinEMPTY(1598): koko, eri, viime, ensimmäinen, 1., ensimmäisen, 2., 3., toisen, II
| Paradigm hyvä | Pos | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case=Abl|Number=Sing | hyvältä | paremmalta | |
| Case=Abl|Number=Plur | hyviltä | ||
| Case=Ade|Number=Sing | hyvällä | parhaalla | |
| Case=Ade|Number=Plur | hyvillä | ||
| Case=All|Number=Sing | hyvälle | paremmalle | |
| Case=Ela|Number=Sing | hyvästä | paremmasta | parhaasta |
| Case=Ela|Number=Plur | parhaista | ||
| Case=Ess|Number=Sing | hyvänä | parempana | |
| Case=Ess|Number=Plur | hyvinä | parhaimpina | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Sing | hyvän | paremman | parhaan |
| Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Number[psor]=Sing|Person[psor]=1 | parhaani | ||
| Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person[psor]=3 | parhaansa | ||
| Case=Gen|Number=Plur | hyvien | parhaiden | |
| Case=Ill|Number=Sing | hyvään | parempaan | parhaaseen |
| Case=Ill|Number=Plur | parhaisiin | ||
| Case=Ine|Number=Sing | hyvässä | ||
| Case=Ine|Number=Plur | hyvissä | ||
| Case=Nom|Number=Sing | hyvä | parempi | paras |
| Case=Nom|Number=Plur | hyvät | paremmat | parhaimmat, parhaat |
| Case=Par|Clitic=Kaan|Number=Sing | parempaakaan | ||
| Case=Par|Clitic=Kaan|Number=Plur | parempiakaan | ||
| Case=Par|Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing | hyvääkin | parempaakin | |
| Case=Par|Number=Sing | hyvää | parempaa | parasta |
| Case=Par|Number=Plur | hyviä | parempia | parhaita, parhaimpia |
| Case=Tra|Number=Sing | hyväksi | paremmaksi | parhaaksi |
Degree seems to be lexical feature of ADJ. 92% lemmas (2129) occur only with one value of Degree.
VERB
6900 fi-pos/VERB tokens (22% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Degree co-occurred: Tense=EMPTY (6900; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (6900; 100%), VerbForm=Part (6900; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (6900; 100%), Person=EMPTY (6900; 100%), Number=Sing (5183; 75%), Voice=Act (4428; 64%), PartForm=Past (4233; 61%), Case=Nom (3841; 56%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(1; 0% of non-emptyDegree): hyväksytympiPos(6895; 100% of non-emptyDegree): ollut, olevan, tehty, tullut, saanut, s., tehnyt, koskevat, olleet, annettuSup(4; 0% of non-emptyDegree): menestynein, myydyin, saastuneimpiaEMPTY(24763): on, ei, oli, ovat, ole, olla, en, eivät, eikä, olisi
| Paradigm hyväksyä | Pos | Cmp |
|---|---|---|
| Case=Gen|Number=Sing|PartForm=Agt|Voice=Act | hyväksymän | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|Voice=Act | hyväksyneen | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|Voice=Pass | hyväksytyn | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PartForm=Past|Voice=Pass | hyväksyttyjen | |
| Case=Ill|Number=Plur|PartForm=Agt|Voice=Act | hyväksymiin | |
| Case=Ine|Number=Sing|PartForm=Agt|Voice=Act | hyväksymässä | |
| Case=Ine|Number=Plur|PartForm=Pres|Voice=Pass | hyväksyttävissä | |
| Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|Voice=Act | hyväksynyt | |
| Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|Voice=Pass | hyväksytty | hyväksytympi |
| Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PartForm=Pres|Voice=Pass | hyväksyttävä | |
| Case=Nom|Number=Plur|PartForm=Past|Voice=Act | hyväksyneet | |
| Case=Nom|Number=Plur|PartForm=Past|Voice=Pass | hyväksytyt | |
| Case=Par|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|Voice=Pass | hyväksyttyä | |
| Case=Tra|Number=Sing|PartForm=Past|Voice=Pass | hyväksytyksi | |
| Case=Tra|Number=Plur|PartForm=Past|Voice=Pass | hyväksytyiksi | |
| Case=Tra|Number=Plur|PartForm=Pres|Voice=Pass | hyväksyttäviksi |
Degree seems to be lexical feature of VERB. 100% lemmas (1195) occur only with one value of Degree.
AUX
127 fi-pos/AUX tokens (4% of all AUX tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which AUX and Degree co-occurred: VerbForm=Part (127; 100%), Person=EMPTY (127; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (127; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (127; 100%), Number=Sing (110; 87%), Voice=Act (110; 87%).
AUX tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Pos(127; 100% of non-emptyDegree): ollut, voinut, pitänyt, joutunut, saattanut, voinu, voitu, voineet, ollu, tarvinnutEMPTY(3453): on, voi, oli, olisi, ovat, voidaan, ole, voisi, pitäisi, pitää
Degree seems to be lexical feature of AUX. 100% lemmas (10) occur only with one value of Degree.
ADV
97 fi-pos/ADV tokens (1% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
ADV tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(86; 89% of non-emptyDegree): paremmin, useammin, nopeammin, laajemmin, enemmän, pidemmälle, pidempään, alempana, etäämmällä, halvemmallaSup(11; 11% of non-emptyDegree): helpoimmin, nopeimmin, yleisimmin, ilmeisimmin, keskeisimmin, taitavimmin, todennäköisimmin, vaikeimminEMPTY(13786): myös, niin, vain, nyt, jo, vielä, kuitenkin, sitten, hyvin, ihan
| Paradigm nopea | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|
| nopeammin | nopeimmin |
Degree seems to be lexical feature of ADV. 94% lemmas (50) occur only with one value of Degree.
PRON
4 fi-pos/PRON tokens (0% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Degree co-occurred: Number=Plur (4; 100%), Person=EMPTY (4; 100%), PronType=Ind (4; 100%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Pos(4; 100% of non-emptyDegree): muita, muiden, muidenkinEMPTY(11920): se, hän, sen, joka, sitä, siitä, tämä, tämän, jotka, ne
NOUN
2 fi-pos/NOUN tokens (0% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Degree co-occurred: Number=Sing (2; 100%).
NOUN tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Pos(2; 100% of non-emptyDegree): alaisena, hyvähänEMPTY(50777): vuonna, vuoden, komission, päivänä, yliopiston, huomioon, mies, yhteisön, prosenttia, artiklan
PROPN
1 fi-pos/PROPN tokens (0% of all PROPN tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which PROPN and Degree co-occurred: Number=Sing (1; 100%), Case=Nom (1; 100%).
PROPN tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Pos(1; 100% of non-emptyDegree): YhtenäinenEMPTY(10996): euroopan, Turun, suomen, EU:n, Suomessa, the, Helsingin, Mithridates, Yhdysvaltain, Kiinan
Relations with Agreement in Degree
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Degree:
ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (400; 93%),
ADJ –[amod]–> ADJ (193; 94%),
VERB –[acl]–> VERB (18; 100%),
ADJ –[appos]–> ADJ (15; 83%),
ADJ –[acl]–> VERB (12; 57%),
ADJ –[nmod]–> ADJ (8; 62%),
ADJ –[parataxis]–> ADJ (4; 100%),
ADJ –[remnant]–> ADJ (4; 100%),
ADJ –[acl:relcl]–> ADJ (3; 100%),
ADJ –[nmod:poss]–> ADJ (3; 100%).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Finnish-FTB)
This feature is universal.
It occurs with 2 different values: Cmp, Sup.
1383 tokens (1%) have a non-empty value of Degree.
720 types (2%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Degree.
381 lemmas (2%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of Degree.
The feature is used with 7 part-of-speech tags: fi-pos/ADJ (870; 1% instances), fi-pos/ADV (460; 0% instances), fi-pos/DET (21; 0% instances), fi-pos/PRON (15; 0% instances), fi-pos/NOUN (9; 0% instances), fi-pos/ADP (7; 0% instances), fi-pos/VERB (1; 0% instances).
ADJ
870 fi-pos/ADJ tokens (8% of all ADJ tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADJ and Degree co-occurred: Number=Sing (670; 77%).
ADJ tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(440; 51% of non-emptyDegree): parempi, suurempi, vanhempi, mukavampi, parempaa, pienempiä, pitempi, aiempien, aikaisempaa, isompiSup(430; 49% of non-emptyDegree): suurin, parasta, paras, mahdollisimman, parhaat, pahin, nopein, suurimman, suurimmat, tärkeintäEMPTY(9624): koko, hyvä, viime, ensi, hyvää, uusi, oma, ensimmäinen, uutta, uuden
| Paradigm uusi | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|
| Case=Ill|Number=Sing | uusimpaan | |
| Case=Nom|Number=Plur | uudemmat | |
| Case=Par|Number=Sing | uusinta |
ADV
460 fi-pos/ADV tokens (5% of all ADV tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which ADV and Degree co-occurred: PronType=EMPTY (446; 97%).
ADV tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(366; 80% of non-emptyDegree): enemmän, myöhemmin, paremmin, vähemmän, aikaisemmin, enempää, aiemmin, mieluummin, helpommin, ennemminSup(94; 20% of non-emptyDegree): eniten, parhaiten, vähiten, Pahiten, useimmiten, mieluiten, ilmeisimmin, lähinnä, mieluimmin, pahimmillaanEMPTY(9744): nyt, aina, paljon, siellä, täällä, hyvin, miten, niin, vähän, sitten
| Paradigm mieluimmin | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|
| mieluimmin | mieluimmin |
Degree seems to be lexical feature of ADV. 99% lemmas (107) occur only with one value of Degree.
DET
21 fi-pos/DET tokens (1% of all DET tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which DET and Degree co-occurred: PronType=Ind (21; 100%), Number=Plur (11; 52%), Case=Nom (11; 52%).
DET tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(13; 62% of non-emptyDegree): useampi, useamman, useammat, Useampaa, harvemmalla, useammasta, useampia, useampiki, useampikinSup(8; 38% of non-emptyDegree): useimmat, useimmilla, Useimmissa, UseimpienEMPTY(4088): se, sen, hänen, kaikki, mitään, tämä, joka, sitä, joku, tällä
| Paradigm usea | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|
| Case=Ade|Number=Plur | useimmilla | |
| Case=Ela|Number=Sing | useammasta | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Sing | useamman | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Plur | Useimpien | |
| Case=Ine|Number=Plur | Useimmissa | |
| Case=Nom|Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing | useampikin | |
| Case=Nom|Clitic=Kin|Number=Sing|Style=Coll | useampiki | |
| Case=Nom|Number=Sing | useampi | |
| Case=Nom|Number=Plur | useammat | useimmat |
| Case=Par|Number=Sing | Useampaa | |
| Case=Par|Number=Plur | useampia |
PRON
15 fi-pos/PRON tokens (0% of all PRON tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which PRON and Degree co-occurred: PronType=Ind (15; 100%), Person=EMPTY (15; 100%), Number=Plur (12; 80%).
PRON tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(8; 53% of non-emptyDegree): useampia, useampien, harvemman, useammalle, useamman, useampiakinSup(7; 47% of non-emptyDegree): useimmat, Useimmilla, useimpienEMPTY(10557): se, hän, minä, sen, sitä, mitä, joka, mä, ne, sinä
| Paradigm usea | Cmp | Sup |
|---|---|---|
| Case=Ade|Number=Plur | Useimmilla | |
| Case=All|Number=Sing | useammalle | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Sing | useamman | |
| Case=Gen|Number=Plur | useampien | useimpien |
| Case=Nom|Number=Plur | useimmat | |
| Case=Par|Clitic=Kin|Number=Plur | useampiakin | |
| Case=Par|Number=Plur | useampia |
NOUN
9 fi-pos/NOUN tokens (0% of all NOUN tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which NOUN and Degree co-occurred: Number=Sing (9; 100%).
NOUN tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(6; 67% of non-emptyDegree): connerympään, demarimpaa, ihmeempää, kiireemmäksi, rokimpaa, turvemmassaSup(3; 33% of non-emptyDegree): herkuin, ihmisintä, nikseimpänäEMPTY(37027): mies, vuoden, vuotta, asia, aikaa, äiti, vuonna, kertaa, osa, markkaa
ADP
7 fi-pos/ADP tokens (0% of all ADP tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
ADP tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(5; 71% of non-emptyDegree): lähempänä, lähemmäs, lähempää, pidemmälleSup(2; 29% of non-emptyDegree): Lähimpänä, lähinnäEMPTY(2724): kanssa, mukaan, jälkeen, ennen, asti, ilman, sitten, takia, kautta, vuoksi
VERB
1 fi-pos/VERB tokens (0% of all VERB tokens) have a non-empty value of Degree.
The most frequent other feature values with which VERB and Degree co-occurred: Person=EMPTY (1; 100%), Number=Sing (1; 100%), Case=Ess (1; 100%), VerbForm=Part (1; 100%), InfForm=EMPTY (1; 100%), PartForm=Pres (1; 100%), Voice=Act (1; 100%), Tense=EMPTY (1; 100%), Mood=EMPTY (1; 100%).
VERB tokens may have the following values of Degree:
Cmp(1; 100% of non-emptyDegree): korostavampanaEMPTY(37599): on, ei, oli, ole, ovat, en, olla, olisi, voi, ollut
Relations with Agreement in Degree
The 10 most frequent relations where parent and child node agree in Degree:
ADJ –[conj]–> ADJ (32; 60%),
ADV –[conj]–> ADV (10; 91%),
ADV –[conj]–> ADJ (1; 100%).
Degree in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]