root: root
The root grammatical relation points to the root of the sentence. A
fake node ROOT is used as the governor. The ROOT node is indexed
with 0, since the indexing of real words in the sentence starts at 1.
ROOT Miluju indická jídla . \n ROOT I-love Indian food .
root(ROOT-1, Miluju)
root(ROOT-7, I-love)
Since release 1.2 of the Czech UD treebank,
there is just one node with the root dependency relation in every
tree. If the main predicate is not present (due to
ellipsis)
and there are
multiple orphaned dependents, the leftmost dependent is promoted to
the head (root) position and the other orphans are attached to it.
An example sentence-like segment that lacks the main verb: A co na to [říká] MF? “And what [does] MF [say] to it?”
ROOT A co na to MF ? \n ROOT And what to it MF ?
root(ROOT-1, A)
root(ROOT-9, And)
dobj(A, co)
dobj(And, what)
nmod(A, to-5)
nmod(And, it)
case(to-5, na)
case(it, to-12)
nsubj(A, MF-6)
nsubj(And, MF-14)
punct(A, ?-7)
punct(And, ?-15)
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech)
This relation is universal.
87913 nodes (6%) are attached to their parents as root.
87913 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.53820254114864.
The following 14 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/VERB (63239; 72% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/NOUN (11507; 13% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PROPN (5373; 6% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/ADJ (4892; 6% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/NUM (1216; 1% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/ADV (884; 1% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PRON (556; 1% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PART (132; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PUNCT (34; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/CONJ (29; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/SYM (18; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/INTJ (17; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/ADP (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/SCONJ (6; 0% instances).
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1 Potřebujete potřebovat VERB VB-P---2P-AA--- Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
2 rychle rychle ADV Dg-------1A---- Degree=Pos|Negative=Pos 3 advmod _ LDeriv=rychlý
3 poradit poradit VERB Vf--------A---- Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 1 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No
4 ? ? PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
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1 | | PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
2 Rady rada NOUN NNFP1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 0 root _ LId=rada-1|LGloss=(př._dát_někomu_dobrou_radu)
3 na na ADP RR--4---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Acc 4 case _ LId=na-1
4 telefon telefon NOUN NNIS4-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _
5 | | PUNCT Z:------------- _ 2 punct _ _
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1 P P PROPN NNMXX-----A---8 Abbr=Yes|Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Negative=Pos 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No|LId=P-0
2 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
3 L L PROPN NNMXX-----A---8 Abbr=Yes|Animacy=Anim|Gender=Masc|NameType=Sur|Negative=Pos 1 name _ SpaceAfter=No|LId=L-9
4 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ SpaceAfter=No
5 , , PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
6 Ostrava Ostrava PROPN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 dep _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CAC)
This relation is universal.
24709 nodes (5%) are attached to their parents as root.
24709 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 5.49297826702821.
The following 13 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/VERB (18981; 77% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/NOUN (2675; 11% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/ADJ (1912; 8% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/ADV (420; 2% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PRON (305; 1% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PROPN (187; 1% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/NUM (114; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/SYM (55; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/PART (24; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/SCONJ (13; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/CONJ (10; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/INTJ (7; 0% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/AUX (6; 0% instances).
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1 Zvýšené zvýšený ADJ AANS4----1A---- Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 amod _ LDeriv=zvýšit
2 úsilí úsilí NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 dobj _ _
3 budeme být AUX VB-P---1F-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 4 aux _ _
4 věnovat věnovat VERB Vf--------A---- Aspect=Imp|Negative=Pos|VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _
5 zavádění zavádění NOUN NNNS3-----A---- Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 iobj _ LDeriv=zavádět
6 nových nový ADJ AAIP2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 7 amod _ _
7 poznatků poznatek NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _
8 do do ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 9 case _ LId=do-1
9 praxe praxe NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Vypracování vypracování NOUN NNNS4-----A---- Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ LDeriv=vypracovat
2 nových nový ADJ AAIP2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 3 amod _ _
3 principů princip NOUN NNIP2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _
4 regulace regulace NOUN NNFS2-----A---- Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _
5 vodního vodní ADJ AAIS2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 6 amod _ _
6 režimu režim NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _
7 v v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 8 case _ LId=v-1
8 půdě půda NOUN NNFS6-----A---- Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No
9 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 1 punct _ _
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1 Stav stav NOUN NNIS1-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _
2 a a CONJ J^------------- _ 1 cc _ LId=a-1
3 využívání využívání NOUN NNNS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 conj _ LDeriv=využít
4 půdního půdní ADJ AAIS2----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 5 amod _ _
5 fondu fond NOUN NNIS2-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _
6 jsou být VERB VB-P---3P-AA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 9 cop _ _
7 u u ADP RR--2---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Gen 8 case _ LId=u-1
8 nás já PRON PP-P2--1------- Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nmod _ _
9 neuspokojivé uspokojivý ADJ AAIP1----1N---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Neg|Number=Plur 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 9 punct _ _
Treebank Statistics (UD_Czech-CLTT)
This relation is universal.
1125 nodes (3%) are attached to their parents as root.
1125 instances of root (100%) are left-to-right (parent precedes child).
Average distance between parent and child is 8.33333333333333.
The following 4 pairs of parts of speech are connected with root: cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/VERB (744; 66% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/NOUN (169; 15% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/X (130; 12% instances), cs-pos/ROOT-cs-pos/ADJ (82; 7% instances).
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1 Výroční výroční ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 zpráva zpráva NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 4 nsubjpass _ _
3 se se PRON P7-X4---------- Case=Acc|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes|Variant=Short 4 auxpass:reflex _ _
4 nevyhotovuje vyhotovovat VERB VB-S---3P-NA--- Mood=Ind|Negative=Neg|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act 0 root _ _
5 v v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 6 case _ LId=v-1
6 případech případ NOUN NNIP6-----A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 4 nmod _ _
7 uvedených uvedený ADJ AAIP6----1A---- Animacy=Inan|Case=Loc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Negative=Pos|Number=Plur 6 amod _ _
8 v v ADP RR--6---------- AdpType=Prep|Case=Loc 9 case _ LId=v-1
9 §_20_odst._2 §_20_odst._2 X X@------------- _ 7 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No
10 . . PUNCT Z:------------- _ 4 punct _ _
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1 Výroční výroční ADJ AAFS1----1A---- Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 2 amod _ _
2 zpráva zpráva NOUN NNFS1-----A---- Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Negative=Pos|Number=Sing 0 root _ _
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1 §_21 §_21 X X@------------- _ 0 root _ _
root in other languages: [bg] [cs] [de] [el] [en] [es] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fr] [ga] [he] [hu] [it] [ja] [ko] [sv] [u]